Norman Jewisons Movie The Hurricane Essay -- Movie Review Essays

Norman Jewisons Movie The HurricaneThe problem of racial discrimination has been portrayed in many films in the last 15 years. However, The Hurricane does a masterful job at addressing this issue, and will leave listening members clenching their fists in anger at the in judge that happened to a man named Rubin Hurricane Carter. The film demonstrates the racial inequity that can be found in our discriminatory system through the impressive acting by Denzel Washington and the heed of Norman Jewison. The Hurricane makes you wonder who else has been wrongfully accused in the past 30 years.The Hurricane creates moments of amazing heartfelt punches dealt by Denzel Washington (Rubin Hurricane Carter), Vicellous Reon Shannon (Lezra Martin), and the trey Canadian friends, brave out Schreiber (Sam), Deborah Unger (Lisa), and John Hanna (Terry). All of the actors and actresses produce feelings of love, camaraderie, and determination that causes the audience to jump up and cheer.The video starts with the story of Rubin Carter and his fight for the middleweight championship. He disordered the match in a rigged bout to a weaker opponent. Although, Rubin dominated the ring, he lost the title. The fight foreshadows the racial discrimination that will be played passim the movie. Later in the movie in the Lafayette Grill two Afro-American males of middle build murdered three people at the all(a) white establishment. Rubin Carter and John Artis were accused of being those two men. Carter and Artis went to prison for three life sentences. The future looks slim for Carter, however, a pivotal change comes when Lezra Martin discovers Carters book.The movie focuses on the portrayal of Rubin Carter as he spends 20 years in prison. The a... ... a way that leaves them cheering at the end, takes this film to another level. Jewison has formal himself as a great director and reconfirms that with this movie. He is no fantastic to racially intensified films. He directed In the Hea t of the wickedness in 1967 and was slated to direct Malcolm X, but refused after a few disclose people reacted negatively to the idea of a Caucasian male directional the film.The Hurricane, based on the life of Rubin Carter, brings alive the fears, anger, and frustration that he experienced. The Hurricane is no exception for Washingtons stunning performances or Jewisons great directing, so if you are aspect for a moving, deep, and engrossing film run to your nearest Blockbuster and submit The Hurricane. It is a movie that needs to be seen not just for its cling to as a good movie, but for its undeniable call for justice and racial equality.

Analogy of Poetry Essay

The meter thither Is Another Sky by Emily Dickinson was a poem written for her brother Austin. Emily uses genius to explain the message she is arduous to pull up stakes for him. The poem provides a hopeful and positive hearting. The poem is panoptic of optimism and inspiration.The pint of the poem is to provide encouragement and offer guidance. The lines Here is a brighter garden and And there is another sunshine demonstrate the optimism she is trying to portray. in that respect are no stanzas or major events in the poem. The order that the aspects of nature are presented in provides.The last few lines of the poem further produce the message. The poem ends with an open invitation for Austin to leave his gloomy state. Dickinson shows a aboveboard concern while providing inspiration for both the readers and her brother. She describes a utopia throughout the poem and uses words to describe a better place such as serene, fair, brighter, and unfading. The title there is another s ky provides the since that there is an alternative excerption instead of a consistent negative outlook on life.There is a change in tone after the inject. Before the bolt Dickinson states that there is a negative place and recognizes that everything in life doesnt always work in your favor. She also uses there is creating distance. After the dash Dickinson implies that there in fact is another sky. She uses here is which implies that she can provide a better situation.Knowing that the poem is for her brother almost obligates you to feel sympathy for him and makes her message even stronger. Overall, Emily is trying to say that entering a current mind set and believing that there is a igniter at the end of the tunnel can provide you with a new attitude.

Mr Burak Ceylan

The kindly expectation of the mesh is now attracting people who wouldnt otherwise devour ingestiond the earnings on a regular basis for any other purpose. This suppuration friendly element to the internet, web 2. 0, is alike widely recognised as a commercial ground for market on a elephantine scale to the now accessible millions of people around the world. Seeing as both kindly media and universities argon very community-based, its unless fitting that capital of Seychelles University should containk to attract people towards their thriving university community by utilise modernistic next generation merchandising campaigns which take omplete advantage of the internet facilities avail up to(p). In order to achieve further expansion the university needs to point on selling their unique selling propositions indoors companionable media to approaching s disciples across several market shargons. The process of attracting sstudents to a campus is not an golden i, be sides if these new-age tools ar enjoymentd to their fullest potential by setting marketing objectives and detailing st sendgies, the extended r separately of the web crapper consecrate the livelong of Australia aware of the galore(postnominal) offerings of VU when comparing the university to its competitors. The Market SegmentsThe target market from a broad perspective are of course under grade and post-graduate sstudents who are want to further their educations with a bachelors or masters spot. Specifically, VU targets prospective sstudents of low socioeconomic status. This is evident from their efforts in providing many work-iintegrated-learning programs which assist the hundreds of sstudents who are struggling to advance a living magic spell learninging simultaneously. The undergraduate sstudents are mostly made up of fresh elevated school graduates who have only deep received their Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) or equivalent.Mean dapple, a study per ske letal frameed on 2008 post-graduate sstudents coincluded that around 30% of bachelor degree graduates proceed to further study immediately, while the assuagement come back to study a post-graduate degree later on in life (Graduate Careers 2012). Its unspoiled to assume based on these figures that many post-graduate sstudents return at a later deliver in their lives to participate in post-graduate study. The market segment of post-graduates sstudents arent only comprised of existing bachelor degree sstudents or alumni, they also brood of graduate sstudents from competing universities.VU appears to maintain a firm tension on their website, www. vu. edu. au, on servicing all areas of the student body. The website has sections pertaining to future sstudents, international sstudents, original sstudents and alumni. plot of ground the homepage and the offered online services and testimonials reaffirm the universitys integrity, there arent many elements of the website or its hyperli nks which show that VU is implementing well-disposed media and new-age marketing into their promotional efforts. To develop a marketing strategy it is essential to break d make the target market into various segments so that its easier to go to bed which segments to market articular product offerings to. The market segment of the undergraduate student is unrivaled with a high school certificate who is looking to make an advancement in their education as the next stepping st adept in building their career. As many undergraduates are young adults whove only lately finished high school, we can conclude that many of them belong to contemporaries Z. Generation Z are often appropriately termed as Ddigital Natives or The Internet Generation because they spend much of their time on the internet, accessing it through their computers and unsettled devices, always staying connected.This only further highlights the significance of marketing to them through the use of hearty media and onl ine publicize as thousands of them can be reached ddigitally (The Courier 2011). planetary sstudents are a market segment which are recognised by the university as valuable, especially when considering the significance of developing an international net income between sstudents who are Australian citizens and those who are from foreign countries. As of 2008 there were at least 135,000 international sstudents in Melbourne alone with the number growing with each passing year (Dunn etal 2008).There are many universities competing for the patronage of international sstudents. VUs website pay heedms to be pore on providing convenient services such as mental faculty visits to over 30 countries, which are personalised on some level, in order to attract potential sstudents through partnering institutions. Although its worth noting that this information wasnt escaped to access, it was hidden beneath several other sub-categories of the International Sstudents section.The use of ecommer ce to establish and reach international sstudents has been initiated in an effective manner, but when contrasting these efforts to competitors we can see that there are many ways in which VU is providing toilet facility and advice, but not so much delivering their guinea pig in an interactive way. For instance, The University of Melbournes page on international sstudents has a small calendar operational along the right side of the page which labels up glide path events (with times, dates and addresses) in distinct countries.A promotional effort which plys sstudents to easily access the information required while not intruding any other elements of the page. Also cleverly set(p) on the page are two YouTube videos which allow international sstudents to see the realistic lifestyle of a student living in Melbourne, while enticing them towards their facilities. Post-graduates are comprised of sstudents who have already received a bachelors degree at either VU or a competing univers ity at some stage in their lives.As mentioned previously, only 30% of existing bachelor sstudents proceed right away to post-graduate studies. This leaves 70% of the market segment asideside of the universities and most probably inside the workforce, arduous to reach with the current marketing efforts of many universities. Post-graduate sstudents arent a firsthand focus because its believed that if they were to return to study that theyre likely to return to the facilities which theyre familiar with, which is wherefore servicing current bachelor sstudents is important for VU.The New Era of well-disposed Media Marketing The objectives of the university are to gather and empower sstudents from diverse countries, cultures and differing socioeconomic statuses and cater them with a high part education. Marketing objectives of the university reflect these views through their focus on the VU ecommerce user experience as well as the use of online advertising. Advancements in analyti cs and pprogramming have even allowed for conventional methods of advertising to be far more effective when used through different forms of social media.When a business considers conventional forms of advertising, they would tend towards television, radio and newspaper ads. During the period of originate online web 2. 0 trends, the internet has arguably become a great medium for advertising than all other forms of conventional marketing. The amount of advertising content on the internet has drastically increased over recent years with many of the worlds most powerful and influential companies being focused on online marketing as it has become a science of its own with many ingenious and creative new ways of marketing a product or service (Klever 2009).One of the more interesting ideas is behavioral targeting. Its a marketing concept as old as the widespread universality of social media. Behavioural targeting is an idea which has been incorporated into several social media forms, namely Facebook. It describes a medium in which the user doesnt have their browser experience discontinue by intrusive pop-up advertisements, but rather the advertisements flow neatly with the rest of the pages content.The most important aspect of behavioral targeting is that the consumers own browsing actions mildew the types of advertisements on the page. Modern day website coding has been developed to the extent that the ads are a part of the entire user experience rather than a frustrating component for both consumer (Klever, 2009). An example in Facebooks efforts at implementing behavioral targeting are in the ads along the side of the page. All of these ads are catered to the individual.When users on Facebook label their interests on their profile page, or if they click the Like button on pages or comment on group pages or photos, each one of those actions are linked in the backend of the website to a category. Advertisements from each of the users favoured categories are because automatically associated with the individual consumer and wherefore appear alongside the page every time they log onto their Facebook newsfeed. At scale, Facebook and its partnered advertising companies have been able to win accuracy in ad targeting by interpreting the raw entropy gathered while their millions of users are active.With a click-through rate much higher(prenominal) than many competitors who are victimization dated forms of online advertising (pop-ups and whatnot), Facebook and other ssimilar forms of social media (Twitter, Google Plus, LinkedIn) can effectively help VU to target the market segments who are pursuance to pursue undergraduate and postgraduate studies (Constine 2012). Engaging the social web creates a bridge between customers and businesses, whereby customers veer away from mere content exercise and towards collaborating with a social media form towards the business promotions which they offer.Analytics have even run aground in 2009 that mor e than 60% of the entire worldwide online community are using social networks and primarily browse on websites with a social element to them (Evans 2010). Another form of conventional marketing dominant in the web scene is the use of officious ads within social applications on the phones of consumers all around the world. Hitting the market rather abruptly, the use of marketing within ssmartphone applications has taken the mobile market by storm. The worlds largest technical school gild, orchard apple tree Inc. has presentd the mobile phone industry with their products, the iPhone and iPad. Apple is the only tech company to date with a valuation of $1 trillion US dollars. And the legal age of their revenue comes from sales of their iPhone product (Burrows 2012). With the mobile market saturated with the tech giants product and their offering of mobile applications (apps), the app market has become a bazaar of its own for marketers to gather data and sell advertising space withi n gaming, lifestyle, educational and entertainment apps (Sorensen 2011).This is yet another new-age way for VU to market their graduate offerings and highlight their information sessions. Educational apps are used by many high school sstudents on electronic devices and are heavily promote to do so by their teachers and schools. Studies have even shown that mobile ads have on average a 13 times higher click-through rate than desktop ads (Constine 2012). Through the use of mobile ads within education apps, the high school student (or high school graduate) looking to study at a university can be reached and persuaded towards VUs many helpful services.Given all of this information, it shows that mobile advertising is a very cost-efficient approach to fulfilling VUs marketing objectives. The Innovations of conterminous Generation Marketing There are also more innovative methods of online marketing. To the surprise of many, the grasp of content marketing is enormous. Aside from Facebook there are many famous intercommunicateging websites, YouTube channels and podcasts which are all examples of how good quality content posted in peak hours can attract thousands of pursuit to a business or to individual bloggers (Nguyen 2012).Its since been proven that the idea of viral marketing, which is content going viral and spreading infectiously tthroughout the internet, lies in content marketing within a social media interface. By producing a well-received marketing campaign, many businesses have profited well from strategies based on the network effect. The network effect explains that the value of each consumer is proportional to the number of other consumers theyre able to connect with (Darell 2012).VUs representatives can post content on student blog websites, YouTube channels and podcast websites in order to show what the university offers that its competitors dont. By empathising with sstudents and the concerns of the market segments, a clear pathway can be drawn tow ards VU while also entertaining the student body and prospective sstudents in the process by posting material catered for them. Showing that VU understands the problems encountered by current and prospective sstudents and then proceeding to demonstrate how the university can help is the key to assist these social media marketing efforts in going viral.The goal of this would be to keep sstudents coming to those websites in the thousands and shape a more positive reputation for the university. Melbourne University, one of VUs competitors, is already reaping the benefits of implementing a YouTube channel into their marketing strategy. Through observation alone, one can see that VU has a number of official student Facebook pages. provided even while being a member of most of them myself, I dont see Facebook ads catered to myself, a current bachelors degree student.If the university were to invest in this form of promotion then each time myself and other current undergraduates login, we would see a VU ad with potential post-graduate offerings every so often, but theyre scarce never present. The underlying issue is that the only social media charge that the university has is exclusively for current sstudents. It would be preferable if VU were to have a sthronger social media presence which has the ability to span out and attract other potential future sstudents rather than provide more accessibility for current ones.And even current online facilities, such as their official website, is cluttered with so many sub-categories that it makes it difficult for anyone to navigate. The potential in social media to market the university to possible sstudents is great but it continues to go untapped. Recommendations/Conclusions More social media services and innovations are befitting popular among rising numbers of web users all over the globe. Effective marketing campaigns on the internet have the potential to reach millions of worldwide users and tick off advertisement s to their individual needs.Unconventional and creative ways of marketing are also becoming more popular with creating marketing strategies via the use of new website services which allow users to premote themselves or their businesses while developing followings on their pages. VU has its target markets set out in front of them and they have the resources to keep up to date with social media trends by exercising the marketing expertise of many of their academic faculty and even their sstudents. But this expertise lies largely unused as reflected in the contents of the universitys website.Not only would it be wise for VU to make further attempts of using web 2. 0 marketing to their advantage, but VU has the power to set the university isolated as an innovator in the field of promoting the use of social media as a regular factor in their marketing plans. They can innovate by creating a presence across several new and ascension social websites in order to demonstrate a new-age trai n of judgment in applying inventive methods of creating awareness of the many services which VU offers to undergraduates, post-graduates and international sstudents alike.

High School and School Counseling Interventions Essay

Instructions 1. Using this usher, complete your article critique and submit this document to Blackboard. 2. Summary must include all five criteria a. Introduction and principle for the interrogation b. major(ip) strengths/weaknesses in the article. c. Summary of look into outcome. d. Two methods of applying this research to practice. e. Conclusion 3. To begin your summary on the next page of this template insert a page break. Use APA formatting. School Counseling offspring A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions.Introduction and rationale for the research In the field of hash out, education, and psychology, in that respect has been a strong emphasis placed on evidence-based practices to specialize the yieldiveness of work way interventions. In this article, two types of Meta-Analysis interventions were employ during this study. Meta-Analysis 1 involved handling-control comparisons and Meta-Analysis 2 involved pretest-posttest differences. The overall average weighte d moment sizing for naturalise counseling interventions was . 30.This study understandd how actionive moderator variables influenced take size of, guidance curriculum, individual planning, responsive services, and system support. Analyses of moderator variables are knowing to determine the loadingiveness of tame counseling program activities in this article. Major strengths/weaknesses in the article The overall school counseling interventions produced an average payoff size of . 30 which is important. However, in this article, the average effect size of Meta-Analysis 2 intervention was not significant, only(prenominal) .07. Previously research has found that meta- analyses employ pretest-posttest typically produces a melloweder effect size compared to the more traditional treatment-control group comparisons. Its difficult to determine the non-significant mean effect size for pretest-posttest meta-analysis. Additional analyses in the pretest and posttest form will need to focus on proper(postnominal) interventions and surplus information regarding the powerfulness of specific strategies in school counseling.One of the common criticism of meta-analytic approaches is that studies with weak methodological rigor may artificially inflate average effect sizes(M. W. Lipsey,2003). M. W. Lipsey (2003) also argued that methodological moderator variables that practically are assumed to be independent are not necessarily independent and carefully imparted meta-analytic reviews should explore methodological relationship patterns. The effect size of . 30 was based on 117 experimental studies that involved 153 interventions, which is a significant increase from the six studies employ by Sprinthall (1981).Many more studies were conducted with dim-witted school students however, school counseling interventions included in this meta-analysis appeared to be passably more effective with middle or junior senior high students followed by high school student s. Thus, these studies show a significant effect on school counseling interventions for all levels of K-12 education. There are also about limitations when meta-analytic techniques are used. The validity of effect size largely depends on the feel of studies that were included in the review.Some major limitations in school counseling research could not be palmed statistically. Also there are few studies that address the trims of treatment integrity. Only a handful of studies used treatment manuals or well-developed curricula. It was difficult for researches to determine what was effective because researchers could not determine what interventions were implemented with students. Another limitation was the elimination of 111 studies that had insufficient data or missing information.Another limitation from this article concerns the dominance of non-standardized outcome assessments in school counseling research. Meta-analysis also lacked long-term follow-up data. The lack of longitud inal data allows for the measurement and analysis of only short-term effectiveness. Another issue with meta-analysis research is that interventions focused mostly on specific interventions rather than comprehensive examination school counseling programs. There has been very few research studies conducted on comprehensive school counseling programs. Summary of research outcome.There were 118 studies that used meta-analysis 1, involving treatment-control comparisons and 153 school interventions however, two studies were considered unrivalled study because of the same simple. Out of the 117 studies, 81 were published in journals and 36 were theses or dissertations. This meta-analysis study had 16,296 participants and the s adeninele ranged from 8 to 5, 618, with the average study involving 139. 28 participants. From these studies, 50. 4% were elementary school students, 17. 9% were middle or junior high school students, and 24.8% were high school students, and 6% had a mixture of ages , and one study did not report the age of the student participants. There was an overall weighted effect size of 27% for students that received school counseling intervention compared to those students that did not receive school counseling intervention. The average effect size was significant. Also, there were a total of 33studies that used meta-analysis 2, involving pretest-posttest design however, two effect sizes were extirpated from one study. Therefore, 31 studies that involved 51 school counseling interventions were used.The effect sizes cipher from these 31 studies involved 2,015 participants and the average study involving 62. 97 students and the sample ranged from 9 to 283. Out of the 31 studies, 17 were published in journals, 13 were theses or dissertations, and one study was an ERIC document. From these studies, 29% involved elementary school students, 12. 9% were middle or junior high school students, and 54. 8% were high school students, and 3. 2% had a mixture of ag es and grade levels. There was only a . 07% weighted effect size on pretest and posttest meta-analysis which indicates the average effect size was not significant.Two methods of applying this research to practice Firstly, my goal as an aspiring school counselor is to implement a comprehensive school counseling program for all students. I would provide a manikin of interventions and activities using the four components of the delivery system of a school counseling program, guidance curriculum, individual student planning, responsive services, and system support. I would then, conduct studies in my school, collecting data, and determine which services students and the school will turn a profit from the most.This will help me determine what type of programs and activities are most effective for our students and school. Secondly, I would consider taking additional research courses to prepare me to direct to the knowledge base of school counseling, while conducting research projects r elated to school counseling. Simply, there needs to be more and better research in the area of school counseling. Without additional empirical support, some schools may eliminate professional school counseling programs(Erford, p 68). Conclusion.From this research on meta-analyses not all school counseling interventions were equally effective. Additional research is necessitate to examine the impact these studies had on students from diverse backgrounds. Although more research is ofttimes a recommendation after completing a meta-analysis (e. g. , Ehri et al. , 2001 Swanson, 1999 Whiston, Brecheisen,& Stephens, 2003 Xin, Grasso, Dipipi-Hoy, & Jitendra, 2005), we contend that lack of methodological rigor and dearth of studies make the calls for additional sound research in school counseling particularly important.Also, the issues of treatment integrity and increasingly use standardized outcome assessments will kindle future school counseling interventions. From this study, one would learn that additional research is needed, however, from this research data shows that school counseling interventions have a arrogant effect size on student outcomes. Furthermore, there were significant effect sizes for interventions at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. School counselors were able to increase students index to solve problems while decreasing discipline problems.However, the researchers were unable to identify specific programs or approaches that produce positive outcomes. Additional research is needed to address what interventions for school counseling works, with what students, and under what circumstances. References Erford, B. T. (2011). Transforming the school counseling profession (3rd Ed. ). top(prenominal) Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Whiston, Tai, Rahardja, and Eder. (Winter 2011 Volume 89). School Counseling Outcome A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions. Journal of Counseling & Development , 37-55.

Real vs Reality TV

television receiver has constitute a member of nearly either single family on our planet. And non full an ordinary member, but a truly important one, beca delectation the conviction spent next to it exceeds the amount of time spent together with any other family member. You do non tolerate to apply any efforts to talk or listen to complaints while communication with it. You do non watch to play with your little son aft(prenominal) a hard working day. You atomic number 18 SO tired put up anybody respect that? You notify simply turn the TV on and everything is done.The kids are quiet, your signifi whoremastert other is not complaining. It is so simple that it has become an full part of the culture of every family. It is the just time, when a person can forget just about all the family troubles and the failures of the day. The sofa opposite the TV wad has become the place of reconciliation and spiritual unity of the family. And what is it that were observance? Is it an educational or discovery path? Although slightly powerfulness, the majority of the envisions we pass are universe shews. But what is earth television? one might ask. echtity TV is defined by MSN Encarta as television programs that confront the great unwashed in live, though often deliberately manufactured, situations and monitor their emotions and style. within this genre of television are subgenres much(prenominal) as Game or Elimi kingdom, Talent, Talk, Makeover, Documentary, and Spoofs. It was archetypical introduced by Allen Flunts 1948 program straight-from-the-shoulder Camera. The show regard concealing cameras filming ordinary people existence confronted with unusual situations, some(prenominal)times involving trick props, such as a desk with drawers that pop scatter when one is closed or a car with a apart(p) extra gas tank.When the joke was revealed, victims would be told the shows catch phrase, Smile, youre on Candid Camera. The show became a to p rated TV show in twain network runs and syndication. Reality television enjoyed a renewed popularity in the 2000s with shows corresponding the Statesn Idol that featured an interactive aspect, asking viewers to counter in to vote for favorites. Today you cannot turn the television on without overture across frankness television. The final ratings for the 2009-2010 television seasons show that authoritativeity TV lead the pack and b ring up the rear end.It is everywhere and although it has parcel out in popularity there is often more than forbid re mark do against it than positive. Critics of world TV often argue that the shows promote sex, drinking, abandon and racism. Although naturalism TV may be fun to anticipate, it is very dangerous for teenagers who dont have set morals and self-identities. Reality TV is questionable because of the messages some of the shows depict. While these messages can have an publication on everyone who views them, the audience that m ay be the most susceptible is teenagers.The most contested issues are whether reality TV is, in fact, reality and whether teenagers may develop perceptions from the reality shows that may lead to poor choices and negative consequences. In a 2004 issue of Pediatrics, Rebecca L. Collins, elderberry bush behavioral scientist at the RAND Corp. , and her colleagues presented the results of a survey that measured the amount of cozy explicit television that teenagers watched and how practically sexual experience the teenagers had had at a one-year follow up survey.They rig that teenage movie to sexual content on television shows increased the likelihood of initiating sexual acts and the effect of shows that depicted sexual behaviors and those that just discussed sex had the same effect on teenage audiences. Similarly, in a 2008 edition of Pediatrics, Anita Chandra, a behavioral scientist at the RAND Corp. , and her colleagues released the results of a survey conducted over a trio- year period that measured teenagers flick to sexual content on television and any resulting first-hand experience with pregnancy.They found that teenagers who regularly watch television programs containing a significant amount of sexual behavior are two times more likely to become pregnant or impregnate psyche than those teenagers who do not watch programs with sexual content. Reality TV is in any case dangerous because of the way it depicts the characters as heavy drinkers. Many programs include segments that show the main characters drinking, partying and engaging in rambunctious behavior, but they often fail to show to the consequences that the characters must gift for these actions.When teenagers see these types of behaviors, they might be led to believe that they too should liquidate large amounts of alcohol and act in a similar manner. Television violence in reality TV is another major concern. Studies show that the amount of violence that is watched on television affects the amount of infringement and violence displayed in the soul (Fernandez, Roberto, Juan and Amy 137). Reality shows such as The Bad Girls confederacy and The Real World have more than its share of the violence. The target viewers for MTV are ages twelve to cardinal three, this demographic makes up approximately 30 three percent of the U.S. population (Smith 89). Thirteen year olds are already susceptible to influence, and are more at risk to be adversely affected by red television than are those of later eld (Comstock 1205). If life is really like it is depicted to be on an installment of The Bad Girls Club, the average person should wake up to a face of pointless fight, brunch to a cussing war, and eat supper around the time someone breaks a nose. Studies of US television airings discovered that there was a coherent rate of five to six violent acts per hour (Fernandez, Roberto, Juan and Amy 137).In reflection an issue of the Ultimate Fighter, one can expect to see at le ast twenty to thirty violent acts within the thirty slight airing with three minute commercial interruptions. Arriving at twenty to thirty violent acts in an episode is when you only count distributively individual match as one act. The numbers climb out of the ring as fast as in. If this is what young adolescents are taking is as reality than it is no wonder there are problems with violence and aggression in schools and on the streets.In a behavioral science study, it was declared that Aggression is the product of social categorization and that it is not a infixed phenomenon (Comstock 1206). According to a study conducted at Syracuse University in hot York, There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between exposure to television or film violence and aggressive and antisocial behavior (Comstock 1186). The study concluded this theory by stating that by viewing violent television in everyday life, antisocial and aggressive behaviors and tendencies would be facil itated (Comstock 1191).With this outlook, it seems much more likely that the significant amount of aggression present in society today can very well be influenced if not caused by the vast ocean of aggression harbored in television culture. racialism is very prevalent in crime reality television. There is a vast overrepresentation of violent crime (e. g. Kooistra, Mahoney, & amp Westervelt 1998 Oliver, 1994 Potter et al, 1997), crimes undefendeded (e. g. , Kooistra et al, 1998 Oliver, 1994) and non-whites as offenders and whites as law nforcement officers. In a direct test of the destination hypothesis, a social theory which examined the long-term effects of television on the Statesn audiences of all ages, Oliver & Armstrong (1998) reported that whites who watched more reality TV were more likely to report higher crime prevalence estimates.The saying of these programs is considered from a ethnical, qualitative perspective focusing on the ideal perspectives conveyed about law a nd order, social threats, and audience empowerment (Cavender, 11998 J.Fishman, 1999). For example, Cavender and Bond-Maupin (1993) argue that these programs make use of story-telling conventions to encourage empathy with an unsuspecting victim who falls prey to evil, which, in turn, primes the design that no place is safe. They as well indicated that reality-based crime shows such as Americas Most Wanted and Unsolved Mysteries depict crime in ways similar to those used in fictionalized crime shows which reinforces existing cultural stereotypes about criminals and victims.The First 48 is one of the most watched non-fiction investigation serial publication which aires on A&E. Set in several cities across the U. S. , the series offers an insiders look at the real-life world of homicide investigators. Each episode picks one or more homicides in contrasting cities, covering each alternately, showing how scouts use forensic evidence, witness interviews and other advanced detective skills to identify suspects. The cops on this show are mainly White, with the exception of a couple of Black investigators that are shown on few episodes.This show is very biased in the fact that it depicts only the black communities across the nation and that which is full of criminals, gang violence & drug saturation. One would almost think that there are no White people who act the same types of crime(s) in those cities. Or is it that the Police Departments in the white communities of those (& other) cities dont permit the exploitation which is presented by this programmings directors? The genre has also created a slew of reality stars, as a result of the fame game.It seems that galore(postnominal) are random people with no ap resurrect talent. Keeping up with the Kardashians has made renowned a whole family who appear to be famous without reason except that they have a reality show. Another reality TV favorite is The Real Housewives of Atlanta. The series has been going strong for three seasons. Everything about the show is a mess. This season has been about even more drama than ever before. Will Cynthia marry Peter? Is Phaedra married to a convict? Will NeNe and Greg get divorced? Will Brice get it together?The craziness and complexity of it all is never ending. Why do we disturbance? These people are just ordinary people with no real celebrity other than what we the viewers give them. The uses and gratifications perspective, the assumption that a media channel cannot influence an individual unless that person has some use for the medium or its particular message (e. g. Katz, 1959 Rubin & Rubin, 1985), may be a clear explanation of the genres appeal. The uses and gratifications framework includes five primary beliefs.The first is that an individuals behavior is goal directed and motivated. Second, people shoot and use media to satisfy biological, psychological and social postulate. Third, individuals are influenced by different social and psychological factors when selecting among communication alternatives. Fourth, those media consumers are aware(predicate) of their needs and whether these needs are being satisfied by a particular medium. Fifth, that different media compete with one another for attention, selection, and use.In sum, uses and gratifications theory states that individuals are aware of their needs, evaluate various channels and content, assess functional alternatives and select the media or interpersonal channel that they believe will provide the gratifications they seek. Reality TV also offers some positive aspects as well. American Idol, which is the leader of reality TV, had over 24,000,000 viewers. The show starts off with thousands of people auditioning in hopes of becoming Americas next superstar. Some can sing, but many just make utter fools of themselves on national television.Just a workweek ago an American Idol hopeful auditioned in front of the resolve with her opera rendition of Justin Be ibers song Baby. As she belts the notes aroused immediately puts his head down and motions for her to stop. Steven Tyler and JLo look as if they dont know what is going on and as she hits the high note Steven marks the end with the sound of an explosion. They break out with laughter, just as we do sitting at home watching. What the hell was that? may be what comes to mind. Beside it being purely entertaining because we like to see others humiliate themselves, the show offers stories of success.For the people who volunteer themselves for the likes of American Idol and Americas Next Top Model, winning the show is potentially a life-changing experience and a springboard to a charge in the entertainment industry. The reward is there for the taking, but its often not just the winners who can make a name for themselves. Jennifer Hudson, a finalist on season 3 of American idol and Tocarra Jones, a participant on season 3 of Americas Next Top Model, may not have won the shows, but they bo th went on to have major success.Jennifer Hudson made her film debut in the 2006 film Dreamgirls, which won her many awards such as an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a lucky Globe Award. She also won a Grammy award for her debut album. Tocarra is a working plus-size model today and she is signed to the largest modeling agency in the world. Reality TV can also provide learning on dating, family relations, friendships and dealing with sensitive issues. Pedro Zamoras 1994 appearance on MTV reality show The Real World was a landmark media event the first openly HIV-positive jocund man on a nationwide TV series.Zamora, who died at 22 just as Real World San Francisco ended, was a teen when he learned he was HIV-positive, a diagnosis that led the diminutive Miami house physician to become an AIDS activist and educator. His MTV fame ultimately drew the attention of chairperson Clinton. Zamoras role on Real World San Francisco was memorable not only for lecturing housemate s and viewers about HIV and preventative measures but also for his combative relationship with the abrasive Puck Rainey, one of the most polarizing roommates in the shows 21-year history.Things got so testy between Zamora and the politically incorrect Rainey that the roommates ultimately criminalise Rainey from their collective home. Even those reality shows that arent competitions can still make a name for the stars. Lauren Conrad started her career on MTVs Laguna Beach The Real OC, and with later(prenominal) exposure on The Hills has become a best-selling author, spokesperson and hammer designernot bad for a normal California girl. observance these successes has also inspired a generation of youngsters to aspire to make something of themselves.They indigence to better their lives and find inspiration from the success stories after the cameras have halt rolling. Reality TV also offers a blood of distraction and fun to everyday life. It gives you a break away from your stres s and frustration. Of course this does not solve the root case, but it helps take away from the root source of the stress. Although taking a walk or reading a allow may be better alternatives for distractions, reality TV still allows you to momentarily forget your problems because youre consumed in others on television.Although reality TV offers some positive aspects such as success stories, positive learning experiences, distractions and others, the negatives surmount them all when it comes to the teenagers which the shows are aimed at. They presume that reality TV is rattling reality, which it is not by any means. Teenagers do not have the understand so they could and probably will fall subject to all the negative side it can entail. Some solutions to the problem may be for the parents to parent more and as they should. Parents should have the knowledge about what reality TV is and explain it to their children.Parents or society should not rely on reality TV or any genre of te levision to teach our children or ourselves for that matter. It will indefinitely lead us in the wrong direction. It is not to teach, but to entertain. If we have the knowledge about what reality TV actually is, in turn, we will be able to keep it in the consideration of entertainment and not reality. For those who dont take it seriously it can provide entertainment for 30 minutes or so. But if interpreted as reality, it then has a danger of harming its audience with impractical expectations.

Mahmut Sait

Mahmut Sait Arslan 04 January 2013 The Role Of Religion in A Secular Society According to laymanization theory, as societies construct more modernized and acuteized, religion will gradu wholey lose its authority in social life and governance(Norris & adenine Inglehart, 2004, p. 4). Modernization did undermined divide of accepted beliefs(Holloway, 2011, para. 7). But, by contrast with layization thesis, on that point is no monumental diminution in lots religious demands(Kuru, 2011, p. 4). Appearently, not every modernized societies call themselves as secular and not every secular state can completely handle religion.In this work, Im firing to inspect secular societies and question how religion can take rive in their governance, concerning American, french and Turkish examples. Historically, Americans and French micturate seperated the church and state for different reasons. The establishment of secular state in America was a result of a compromise mingled with rational ists and evangelists. These groups strike agreed on the secular state for different reasons. Thomas Jefferson, iodine of the Americas Founding Fathers, had foreseen that the secular state would lead to the independence and triumph of the reason.Oppositely, a famous Evangelist, Isaac Backus had believed that secular state would supply the spread of the religion(Kuru, 2011, p. 84). Because in Americas early years, none of the Protestant churches could provide the majority that is necessary to be legitimized as the official church. So, as the second best choice, they accepted the state to be secular(Kuru, 2011, p. 86). The secularization of the France is grow in the ideas of Enlightenment. Philosophers of Enlightenment was trying to replace dogmatic values with rational and humanistic ones(Wikipedia, 2009).After the French Revolution, with the abolition of monarchy, the close relation between the French tell apart and Catholic Church finished. According to Tocqueville, Christiani ty was the object of aggression not as a religion provided as a political establishment. This was because of the cooperation between the monarch and the Church before the revolution(Kuru, 2011, p. 142). The different reasons led to different results in these countries. From the beginning of the 19th century, evangelists have strenghtened the socio-cultural hegomony of the Protestant college. Casanova, 1994, p. 137) Christianism was, in habitual sense, accepted as semiofficial religion of the U. S. It was also, accepted as a part of the states civil law(Kuru, 2011, p. 88). Even Supreme chat up of U. S have acknowledged the U. S nation as a Christian nation(Kuru, 2011, p. 91). In this period, state was not neutral against all religions, but neutral amongst Protestant sects. Up till now, there has been ideological conflicts between rationalists and conservative people about the religion. There have been exclusivist and compromiser interpretations of the secularism.But generally, it hadnt been still as hostility against religion. In America, churches are relieved from states effect, wheras in France the state is relieved from the Churchs effect. A ultra interpretation of secularism which advocates the seperation of not just state and church, but of all large-hearted of values ilk moral and human values, is hegemonic in France. In new(prenominal) words, eliminating the religion from public life and confining it with the soul of human. Some people even exceed it to create a religion of humanity(Holloway, 2008, para. 12).But, there have been lots of significant deviations from the ideology because of Catholic roots of French public and opposing ideological attempts. French government could easily ignore the religious demands of minorities like Muslims and Jewish. But they stand much attention to the demands of Catholics who fashion model the majority. At the end of the first quarter of the 20th century, Turkey had to summons the Swiss Civil Law because wh en they tried to make their own law, bang members couldnt liberate themselves from their religious beliefs(Oguzman & Barlas, 2012, p. 27).But even when quoting they had to make virtually modifications according to Turkish culture. This was made in the name of being secular and neutral against all beliefs. Putting the history aside, I want to view the impact of religious law in secular societies law formation. compassionate made laws are inspired by lots of different sources like ethics, religion, philosophy, convenances, other law systems etc. These rules have some commonalities because theyre all aimed to establish the ideal society. Concerning this, secular legislatives should concern every law system and utilize them.For example, marriage is, in religious world, concerned as a religious practice. For secular people this mean nothing. But, if we take human character into the account, inexistence of the installation of marriage could be a threat to the mental and tangible health of the progenies(Oktem & Turkbag, 1999, p. 209). So, the legislatives may foresee a religious institution like marriage as necessary for secular reasons. The implementation of the secular law in Turkey has caused many problems because there were some rules which were opposite to the belief and perception of majority of the public like prohibiting headscarves.Ordering a worshiper not to do what they believe is like ordering somebody to dance off a cliff. Because theyre sure that they will be rewarded or punished according to their loyalty to their beliefs. The secularization thesis promise to be neutral against all religions. But applicating the inhibition of a religious responsibility to all members of the society equally, is like prohibiting to sleep under the arch of a bridge for both rich and poor people equally(Kuru, 2011, p. 108). The acceptance of secularism as being neutral, and religiousity as differantiality makes secularists more advantagous.To eliminate uneq uality, chaos and tension states should pay more attention on public demands and trends. Compared to French and Turkish history, there were less religious related slaughters in American history. Without renouncing secularism, Americans could identify themselves as religious. They used secularism not as a tool to restrict and read the public, but to ensure the freedom of different groups within the society. To be equal to(p) to equal aginst every belief, each belief system should be approached equally.Like Islam or Christianity, secular people should be concerned as believers, believers of secularism. References Age of Enlightenment. (2009). InWikipedia. Retrieved january 4, 2013, from en. wikipedia. org Casanova, J. (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago The University of Chicago Press. Holloway, D. , (2008). The Secular State and The Oxford Union. Retrieved January 4, 2013, from http//www. church. org. uk/resources/csdetail. asp? csdate=01/02/2008 (2011). A Judge, Secularism, Pluralism and Fundamentalism.Retrieved January 04, 2013, from http//www. church. org. uk/resources/csdetail. asp? csdate=01/03/2011 Kuru, A. (2011). Pasif ve D? slay? c? Laiklik ABD, Fransa ve Turkiye. Istanbul Istanbul Bilgi Universitesi Yay? nlar?. Norris, P. & Inglehart, R. (2004). Sacred and Secular Religion and Politics Worldwide. New York Cambridge University Press. Oguzman, M. K. & Barlas, N. (2012). Medeni Hukuk. Istanbul Vedat Kitapc? l? k. Oktem, N. & Turkbag, A. U. , (1999). Felsefe, Sosyoloji, Hukuk ve Devlet. Istanbul Der Yay? nlar?.

A Study Of Solar Home Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

Electricity, identified as a basic forgiving demand, is a key to economic growing, coevals of employment, riddance of poorness and gentleman phylogenesis particularly in arcadian communities. Adequate supplies of accommodate variants of this push at accep card cost for development, is an indispensable requirement for world mogul suppliers.The lively additions of vegetable oil mo terminateary set in early 70s drew attention to aught supply jobs ( efficiency in gold coast 2010 ) . Developing states in peculiar felt the impact of the high oil monetary values since import of aught features a greater proportion of their export net incomes comp atomic number 18d to the developed states.The two chief attacks for rural electrification atomic number 18 extension of situationfulness from the national control grid to selected countries and the recitation of diesel motor bring forthing Stationss to function a little web which could non winnings from the grid. Both ways h ave their personal short approachs. There is a high fiscal deductions associated with the extension of the grid over long distances ensuing in arrangement inst office only(prenominal) bit sizable as hapless burden factor and the troubles in the c be of the long transmittal lines particularly in hard terrain. ( Kamalapur and Udaykumar 2010 )Diesel generators on the other manus require regular supplies of terminate which slightlytimes are of major(ip) jobs for rural countries, particularly at certain time of the twelvemonth when the hapless nature of the roads in much(prenominal) countries are practically unpassable. Their predicaments worsen when fuel deficit hit the state at big. Besides the proviso of fuel, the keeping of competent operation care ply is really hard since offer of competitory wages are usually a major restraint. ( McNelis, Derrick and Starr 1988 ) Even with the qualified staffs, the necessity in obtaining the demand spare parts in cartridge holder ofdem and to maintain the organisation running is a major factor. ( McNelis, Derrick and Starr 1988 ) .Rural electrification is regarded as a development precedence of most developing states like Ghana. Although big amounts of money are spent any twelvemonth on rural electrification, it will take old ages for small towns far off from the national grid to pro twin from a reasonably low-cost and dep blockable mightiness supply.By the honesty of its geographical location, within the Torrid Zones ( lat.50, 36N Long. 00,10E ) , Ghana is endowed with of course gigantic renewable energy resources. The resources include Hydro, Bio and Solar energies ( Abakah, 1995 ) . Bio energy exists in the signifier wood fuels in the forest countries but its rate of development outweighs its regeneration. Hydro energy on the other manus is exhibitly under-exploited. The state has two hydro-electric index number Stationss and two thermic Stationss. However energies produced by these power Stationss are short for the states energy demands and has to import energy to supplement it ( Abakah, 1995 ) .It was estimated in the twelvemonth 2000 that electricity accounted for round 11 % of the entire energy consumed. The unequal supply of power chiefly obtained from hydro and thermic beginnings compelled the state to import some sum of energy from La Cote dIvoire to supplement her domestic supply particularly during peak hours. ( muscle in Ghana 2010 )It was expected that by the twelvemonth 2010 the states energy system will alter from the mostly hydro-based system to a mostly thermal-based 1 with the hope of utilizing natural gas as the chief beginning of fuel. The renewing was to be made possible by the West Afri spate ordnance Pipeline Project, which was expected to transport natural gas from Nigeria to Ghana. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 )The current national entree to electricity supply is about 43 % of the population. However, over 80 % of the domestic electricity supply is consumed in the metropoliss and urban towns. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) Hydropower and trade dodo fuel are the chief energy beginnings utilize to bring forth electricity in the state.Ghana soon depends extremely on petroleum oil and wood fuel for her energy uptake. The state s energy ingestion therefore increase yearly as a number of growing in population coupled with economic activities every bit full as rural-urban migration and inflow of imported vehicles.Solar energy is available in limitless measures. It is merely used in its natural province largely for saving objectives. Other resources like the air current energy, tides and geothermal are undistinguished in the state ( Abakah, 1995 ) .Heavy dependance on commercial fuel such as rough oil to run into the demands of the twist population is dismaying ensuing in short supply in energy. The deficit of the state s energy supply compelled power suppliers to break burden casting which is to a greater extent marked in the rural countr ies. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 )Literature reappraisalRural electrification is an of import role for rural growing and the relief of poorness in a state. ( Kamalapur, Udaykumar 2010 ) . In Ghana, electricity has non played the expected function in the socio-economic growing of the rural communities. Majority of the population of the state live in the rural countries. The consequence of population growing and supply jobs of fuels has a great impact on the inordinate usage of bio fuels particularly in the rural countries ensuing in deforestation through extra felling of trees ( Energy in Ghana 2010 )The government s aspiration to supply electricity to all rural communities by the twelvemonth 2020 is far from realization due to fiscal restraint as a barrier. This makes it extremely impossible for authorities to to the full run into all demand of energy supply with national grid system. The economic situation of Ghana does non allow immediate solution of power crisis by imported fuels. With the rich solar resources available throughout the twelvemonth in Ghana and taking into history the cost component of PV solar place systems ( SHS ) as against the grid-connected system, the better option is to see Solar place system ( SHS ) as an alternate energy beginning for rural electrification in Ghana.Purpose This lying-in is aimed at the design of suited Solar Home System ( SHS ) victimisation appropriate devices such as maximal power blossom tracker and dc-dc converter for rural electrification utilizing solar resources to run into some of their basic energy demands such as lighting, cookery, H2O pumping, telephone communicating, and other consumer tools such as wirelesss, telecastings, iceboxs etc.Aim At the terminal of this undertaking An effectual, dependable and low-cost solar place system ( SHS ) for rural electrification will be designed utilizing PV competency as the power beginning.Communities in the rural countries could hold entree to electricity. A sui ted dc-dc converter will be designed to fit regularize of Columbia battery tons.Clinics and wellness Centres in the distant countries will engage the power to hive away vaccinums and indispensable drugs in deep deep-freezes and visual radiation every bit good doing usage of the power available.Schools in the distant countries will besides profit from the system.Rural Urban nerve impulse could cut downCommunities will profit from some societal activities With the approachability of power.The power supplied by a solar panel depends on the sunstroke, temperature and electromotive squash of the panel and so an of import consideration in the design of efficient solar systems is to track the correct maximal power point ( MPPT ) . ( Hur, Shen 1998 ) . The intent of the MPPT is to travel the panel runing electromotive force near to the MPP under altering atmospheric conditions. ( Solar Energy supranational 2010 )Basic map of maximal power point trailing ( MPPT ) systemA extremely ef ficient dc-dc convertor to optimise electrical power for photovoltaic ( PV ) cell, is the maximal power point tracker. It ensures faculties operate near maximal power point. This helps to bring forth suited power to drive tonss. When PV faculties are used for the beginning of energy, MPPT is used to mitigate fluctuations in the system by leting the accountant to track the maximal power point of the array throughout the twenty-four hours to in order to present the maximal energy available to the battery ( Solar Energy outside(a) 2010 ) .With MPPT, a higher end product electromotive force of faculties than battery systems can be used by consumers. System complexness is minimised by the MPPT. It has the ability to supervise the end product electromotive force and current from the panel and decides the direct point of power to the batteries. It prevents soaking and dispatching to solar panels. ( Anderson, Dohan and Sikora 2003 )The nonlinear fluctuation of end product electromotive f orce and current are overcome by the MPPT every bit good. ( Tharama, Kumar and Naik 2005 ) .It has the ability to increase the efficiency of solar panels 25 % -30 % more the normal accountant ( Solar Energy International 2010 )PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaic systems are solar systems that produce electricity straight from sunshine. ( Solar Energy International ) . The system produces clean, dependable energy. It does non do usage of fossil fuels. It is widely used in many applications. A common application for PV engineering is illuming, powering of wirelesss, scoopful reckoners, tickers etc. It is besides used on big graduated table to supply consumers with solar-generated electricity or as a back-up for critical equipment.In this undertaking, PV panel will be used as the chief power beginning. Solar radiation received by the panel, are stored in batteries for usage latter.Other Maximum.Other devices and equipment work together in harmoniousness to accomplish a good consequence. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . The Sun s place alterations with clip ensuing in panels having changing Sun light so MPPT incorporate a convertor and accountant will be used to fit the d.c battery burden. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) .Besides the usage of equipment and devices for the systems, some of import factors are taken in consideration to guarantee a good design. These includes latitude, the degree of radiation over a period of clip, cloud, shadiness, joust, orientation.etcBarricading rectifying vacuum tubeIpv reqdc-dc convertorm VoIpv, VpvMPPTControl Drive CircuitCircuitFig. 2 shows overall conventional of the PV faculty with MPPT accountant( Beginning Photovoltaic major undertaking overview )Gnatt chart demoing clip program of the undertaking