Friday, May 31, 2019

Cell Phone Technology :: Technology Communication Phones Essays

Cell Phone TechnologyRing ring All the people in a 20-foot-radius are thinking it is them that areringing. Women search through their purses men reach for their pockets to see if it is their mobile phone phone that is ringing. The year is 2002, and it appears that almost everyone has a cellular telephone. legion(predicate) believe that in todays society it is a necessity to own one and would be difficult to go a day without one. Are they really prerequisite? People survived just fine without them before their invention. It really was not until about 15 years ago that they really started appearing and the last five that it seemed as if every Tom, Dick, and Harry owned one. What has caused their sudden boom? Are people becoming too reliant upon them? Is there health risks involved when people take such(prenominal) powerful signals directly toward their heads?Cell phone technology dates all the way back to 1947. In that year researchers first developed ideas as to the chess open ing of creating mobile phones that used cells that would identify a user in whatever specific region he or she was initiating the call from (Cell Phone World). Still the technology was very limited at the time, so much more extensive research was required. In 1968 private companies started getting involved with cell phone development, such as AT&T. The FCC (The Federal Communications Commission) then opened new frequencies and the private companies had the theory of cellular towers. Each tower would be responsible for a particular region. When a customer traveled farther a way from one region it would switch the call to a closer tower with no interruption. In 1977 public cell phone testing had begun. People in Baltimore, Chicago, and Washington were the first to be eligible for cell phone trials. In 1979 a company in Japan began doing cell phone testing with the public. Not until 1983 were cell phones really available. The year 1988 changed many of the technologies that had become s tandard in the past. The cellular Technology Industry Association was created to set realistic goals for cellular phone providers and research new applications for cell phone development (Cell Phone World). In a way they still were not very accessible to the public, due to their extremely high operating cost to the consumer. Only the very wealthy could afford cell phones. Important heads of cooperations, movie stars, and top government officials were able to afford the luxury of a mobile phone.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Networking and Communication Essay -- Technology, iPod, iTouch

IntroductionThrough many generations, technology has innovated and advanced itself to meet the demands of the consumer market. Consumers desire products that will enhance their favor subject networking and communication. integrity of the most powerful products to keep consumers socially connected was the iPod notion. The iPod touch is not only a portable media player it has numerous applications from all forms of entertainment to social networking. apple marketed the first iPod touch in September of 2007, and by present day it is rare to find any individual without one. BackgroundAs the iTouch is able to download music, videos, and movies, there are all kinds of legal ethical issues that are involved such as copyright infringements. In addition, since they are wide awake devices, users hind end connect to the Internet through any unsecured wireless network, even if it means they are stealing the service. Additionally, there are respective(a) social issues drawn in since the Touch acts as a form of communication. With users constantly updating their statuses and the convenience of the tracking tool, it creates severe problems for stalking and cyber security. Another thing that has come up recently is that Apple is now offering subscriptions to magazines, newspapers, and etc. that can be read on the Touch. The problem is that one has to pay for and download an application from the Apple store in order to read them, even though one has already paid for a subscription to the magazine. The iPod Touch has doubtlessly strengthened sociability between people, exactly it also shaped problems for cyber stalking and personal safety. Ethical legal issuesCopyright infringement becomes a severe problem when consumers illegally download music, videos, and movi... ...out privacy.ConclusionThe iPod touch has created copious benefits for consumers, and for that reason, it is uncommon to spot an individual without one. Ever since the iPod touch first appeared in the market, it has generated amazing sales for the Apple company. Since the Touch is indeed a mobile device, many ethical, legal, security, and social issues come into play. Legal issues such as copyright infringement, ethical issues such as cheating on exams, security issues like the tracking gadget, and problems with social networking are all issues involved with the new technology. The different issues are building and connecting upon each other. Despite the issues encountered, the iPod Touch is a powerful gadget with various applications and entertainment. It has enhanced and simplified communication and networking to meet the demands of its consumers generation.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Abbie Hoffman: A Present Day Monologue :: essays research papers fc

My call in is Abbie Hoffman. Steal this speech while square dancing in the Ice ages, its soon to be a study motion pictureYippie Do you know what that means? That means that theres a revolution on, that we provoke change an H to a Y., that we can bring more than 10,000 people to Lincoln Park in Chicago on a myth, a rumor, a story. Yippie It means the home of the FREE and the land of the BRAVE. Chicago was a place for the brave to fight for their freedom. When we came to chicago, we thought, hey, theyll put up some resistance, but theyll give us a permit to have our picayune Yippie get-together in the park. I mean shit, its our right. Mayor Daley, he didnt give a shit about our rights he didnt want champion god anathematise hippie in his city, let alone 10,000. He didnt want chicago to have that reputation, HE didnt want to have that reputation. Do you know what happened in Chicago? According to Mayor Daley, only a few minor injuries due to resisting arrest and rioting accordin g to some international sources, and my own count, a couple people died and a lot of people were wounded because the pigs were beating on us for practicing our right to assemble peacefully. Hell, we were peaceful, a damn sight more peaceful than the cops. We were assembled to protest war, all we cherished to do was get together and smoke a little weed. The cops, they came at us with arm swinging. But I get ahead of myself. Youre all so young, you dont know about Chicagos other, meaner side. In Chicago, we Yippies wanted to have a rally, and Chicago was really central to the movement, so we petitioned the Chicago Parks Department for a permit to have bands come play during the hebdomad of the Democratic Convention in 1968. They stalled, and pretended to have little problems with the permit. No one was fooled. We sued them for denying us our constitutional rights but we withdrew our suit when we saw who our judge was. His name was prove Lynch, and he was mayor Daleys friend or cou sin or something. Very ironic...the next judge that we went before because the city was stalling was Judge Stahl. S-T-A-H-L. So in a nutshell, we said can we have a get-together in the park?

Essay --

Microbe Bug ReportCandida albicans Friend or FoeINTRODUCTION.Our bodies are made up of billions of living microorganisms. nigh of these microorganisms are extremely beneficial for our health and actually contribute to our survival. However, if imbalances occur within, our naturally helpful microbes then they can become invaders and literal harmful. I volition examine Candia albicans and its important role in the body and the consequence of their imbalance.RESEARCH & CLASSIFICATION. The genus Candia is a yeast group that has approximately 150 species that belong to the eukaryote domain. The booth structure is nearly identical to that of a human cell. Candida albicans is a diploid organism with eight sets of homologous chromosomes and a genome size of about 32 Mb. It is a dynamic organelle with cell walls composed of glucan and chitin. Various proteins also exist in the cell walls and can be modified by glycosylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Enzyme secretion occurs with substrates two within the cell and in the external environment. They are gram-positive colonizing within 3 days and have a soft, moist, and yellowish-cream appearance that form 10 to 12 microns in diameter. Candida albicans fungus reproduces sexually and asexually in hyphal form in which they split into fragments and create new yeast-like forms (mycelia), and the other by budding and forming an ellipsoidal bud.ETIOLOGY & EPIDERMIOLOGY.Candia albicans is an endogenic organism that grows as a diploid fungus and is present in 40-80 % of human beings. It lives in our digestive tract and contributes to the population of our gut microbe by providing nutrients to our brotherly gut bacterium. When the balance of C. albicans is at a healthy low ... ...roduce stable electrically conductive bio-nano-composite tissue materials that have been used as temperature sensing elements. This is an raise new area of scientific discovery. I am eager to read more about the benefits and possibi lities that exist with this new biotech process. REFERENCES.Candidiasis. March 8, 2001. CDC.Medline Encyclopedia May 2005. Medline Plus.http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/ bind/000964.htmTortora G., Funke, B., Case, C,. Microbiology An Introduction (11th edition), 2013Pearson Education. Glenview, IL.The Fourth NIAID Workshop in Medical Mycology Responses to Fungi. NIAIJanuary 5, 2001.What is Candida? 2004. Ninazu Health Products Inc.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Stereotyping Girls Who Drive Trucks :: Sociology

Stereotyping Girls Who Drive Trucks There is nothing more thrilling to me than being a girl who drives a truck. The smell of power you get almost makes up for the harassment. Driving a truck as a female automatically places you in one of two categories, whether theyre admittedly or not. You are either the cute lil thang in Daddys big pick-up, or you are a bull dike. Dont worry there are ways to spot which category youre in. Should you be the cute lil thang, you might be a little chunky or just plain little. You cannot however, be fat. One probably wouldnt requisite to be very tall either. Your pants should always be really tight, and skirts should be really short. These should always be worn with really small shirts. It should be noted that just tight or short, etc. is not accepted. Really must precede any adjectives. You should also thoroughly enjoy being called sugar, and darlin by mechanics trying to rip you off. Your truck mu st be really big and new. Even ridiculously big, and you should have trouble driving it (or at least(prenominal) give the appearance of such). Acrylic nails are big with this mathematical group, but not too long, and always maintained. The best advice is to imagine this group the cheerleaders of the road workers. The second group of lady pickup drivers is a substantially less desirable category. To be in this group, you need to be either skinny or fat. There is no in between. The hair should be worn in a ponytail or braid a buzz cut is also acceptable. The lady mullet makes an free-and-easy appearance as well. Cowboy hats (not the cute kind) and roper boots are good, and a big belt with lots of keys. If this is too much, a t-shirt and khaki short work too, as long as you promise to wear ankle socks and sandals. You truck should never be 4-wheel

Stereotyping Girls Who Drive Trucks :: Sociology

Stereotyping Girls Who Drive Trucks There is nothing more thrilling to me than being a girl who drives a truck. The sense of power you get almost makes up for the harassment. Driving a truck as a female mechanically places you in one of two categories, whether theyre true or not. You are every the managee lil thang in Daddys big pick-up, or you are a bull dike. Dont engage there are ways to tell which category youre in. Should you be the cute lil thang, you might be a little chunky or just bleak little. You cannot however, be fat. One probably wouldnt want to be very tall either. Your pants should always be really tight, and skirts should be really short. These should always be worn with really small shirts. It should be noted that just tight or short, etc. is not accepted. Really must precede any adjectives. You should likewise thoroughly enjoy being called sugar, and darlin by mechanics trying to rip you off. Your truck must b e really big and new. Even ridiculously big, and you should project trouble driving it (or at least give the appearance of such). Acrylic nails are big with this group, but not as well as long, and always maintained. The best advice is to retrieve this group the cheerleaders of the road workers. The second group of lady pickup drivers is a substantially less desirable category. To be in this group, you need to be either skinny or fat. There is no in between. The hair should be worn in a ponytail or braid a buzz cut is also acceptable. The lady mullet makes an occasional appearance as well. Cowboy hats (not the cute kind) and roper boots are good, and a big belt with lots of keys. If this is too much, a t-shirt and khaki shorts work too, as long as you promise to wear ankle socks and sandals. You truck should never be 4-wheel

Monday, May 27, 2019

Project success: success factor and success criteria Essay

1.Since the 1960s there have been an increasing number of toil concernscholars that have expressed concerns regarding the ways to sleep with the winner or harm of a forge. Crawford (2000) theorised that there are deuce major avenues of thought in this area being how victory is judged and the factors that contribute to the success. These dickens avenues were later crowned success factors and success criteria respectively of which both will be discussed in depth during this essay to provide an insight for future forecast perplexity scholars.SUCCESS CRITERIA2.The way by which a pop is judged as to whether it is successful or not haslong since been deliberated by many assure Management scholars. Crawfords (2000) efforts to detail these criteria has careed however a better understanding is required such that each confuse manager or key stakeholder puke rent as to what criterion will defined whether the project is a success or failure. This section will elaborate on Crawfor ds (2000) studies by mechanical drawing on one of her principle advisers, Atkinson. Atkinson uses the Iron trilateral as the foundation of the work and then building on it to develop a robust methodology for success.2Figure 1 Iron Triangle (Atkinson, 1999)3.Iron Triangle. Oilsen (1971) all over fifty years ago stated that the Iron Triangle(Atkinson, 1999) of Time, Cost and graphic symbol were the key success criteria for any project. This triangle was reduced to just time and bud own by W even off (1997) however Turner (1993), Morris (1987), Wateridge (1998), deWit (1988), McCoy (1987), Pinto and Slevin (1988), Saarinen (1990), and Ballantine (1996) all agree that the Iron Triangle should be used albeit not exclusively. Temporary use of criteria can be used during certain parts of the project to ascertain whether or not a project is going to plan. An example of temporary criteria that was used by Meyer (1994) was the earned value method.The Earned value method in a project can demonstrate it the project is on track, specifically when earned value (what the project is worth at that time) is less than actual costs it kernel the project is over cypher. This is countered however by deWitt (1988) that states when costs are used as a control they manage progress rather than project success. Atkinson (1999) adds that some projects may command to be bound by time he uses a Millennium project (e.g. a computer system with a potential year 2000, Y2K, bug) as an example, if the project doesnt meet the time constraint it could have catastrophic consequences.4.Alter (1996) considers process and organisational goals as another measure,utilising the concept of did they do it right and did they get it right this gives rise to the concept of measuring success both during and after the project. Atkinson (1999) reflects this concept by the introduction of the Square Root, which proposes triplet additional criteria to the IronTriangle. The three additional criteria for de termining project success are the technical strength of the resultant system, the benefits to the3resultant organisation (direct benefits) and the benefits to the wider stakeholder companionship (indirect benefits). A detailed dislocation of the Square Root is explained in table 1.IronInformationBenefitsBenefitsTrianglesystem(organisation)(stakeholder community)Cost,Maintainability,Improved efficiency,Satisfied users, Social andQuality,Reliability,Improved effectiveness,Environmental impact.TimeValidity,increase profits,Personal development,InformationStrategic goals,Professional learning, andquality useOrganisational-learning,contractors profits.Reduced wasteCapital suppliers, contentproject team, economicimpact to surroundingcommunity. send back 1 The Square Root (Atkinson, 1999)Figure 2 The Square Root (Atkinson, 1999)5.The Information System. Whilst Atkinson (1999) doesnt detail the info system success criteria other than what is expound in the table it is reasonable to sugge st he was concerned with the ilities of the project. essentially Atkinson was considering the maintenance of the project to warrant that it was not only resourced but also governed that the information would support its continued success.46.Organisational Benefits. Success of a project must not only be consideredfrom an unmarried perspective, rather it must look at how it will also benefit the organisation. Table 1 presents these areas however there are two areas that must be considered someonely, namely efficiency and effectiveness. Success of a project is not necessarily guaranteed due to efficiency, reducing the amount of workload due to shortening of processing wont necessarily help without the contemplation of effectiveness. Effectiveness considers whether or not the goals are being achieved thus when placed with efficiency it ensures that the goals are being achieve quickly and in full.7.Stakeholder Community Benefits. The final exam area of the Square Root thatAtkinson c onsiders is the success criterion that benefits the stakeholder community. These criterion consider the wider benefits of not just the direct outcomes of the project rather this area considers the stakeholder satisfaction and the loving and environmental impacts that the project provides. These areas in a house project for example are criteria thatimprove the socioeconomic factors of the community around the actual house.Thus this project could use improved gardens or visual impacts of the housing project that will improve the communitys view of the suburb rather than just that particular site. These secondary and tertiary impacts provide success criteria for the project. Furthermore in the acquisition of a new-made aircraft for military the stakeholder community benefits that could be used as success criteria could be the level of host nation employment or involvement to improve their knowledge base. Thus whilst it may not improve the actual new aircraft it will allow the host n ation to build the aircraft themselves next time that that nation wishes to procure a new aircraft.SUCCESS FACTORS8.Since the late 1960s Project Management scholars have been trying to establishthe factors that petabit to project success (bread maker, 1988) (Pinto, 1988) (Lechler, 1988), which have led to conclusions being published for project direction practitioners. Despite decades of investigate and countless articles being written (Kloppenborg, 2000) (Morris, 1994) projects continue to disappoint stakeholders (OConnor and Reinsborough 1992) (Standish Group, 1995) (Cooke-Davies, 2000). So what factors actually lead to successful projects? Cooke-Davies (2002) states that project success5factors are based upon answering three separate questions What factors are critical to project focal point success?, What factors a critical to individual success on a project? and What factors lead to consistently successful projects? 9.What factors are critical to project management success ? Cooke-Davies(2002) analysed a selection of 136 mainly European projects which varied in size and mise en scene however had an average of $16M over a period of two years, adetailed breakdown is at (Cooke-Davies, 2000). The analysis found a surprising specialism between the correlation of schedule delay and cost escalation, only a small amount of cost escalation was accounted for schedule delay. This analysis found that when adequacy and due date specific project management practices are compared with the performance of each criterion then different practices are found to cor bring up significantly.This correlation relates to nine factors (the starting line nine factors depicted at Table 1). The analysis for Adequacy of documentation of organisational responsibilities on the project is depicted at figure 1 with the vertical axis of rotation showing the 95% confidence interval of time predictability and the horizontal axis showing not at all adequate(1) to fully adequate(4). Esse ntially it shows that the more adequate the factor the more confidence can be shown that the project will achieve its schedule target.Figure 3 Adequacy of project documentation improving schedule confidence (Cooke-Davies, 2002)610.What factors are critical to the success of an individual project? Cooke-Davies (2002) suggests that there is a single factor which leads to individual project success. He states that the existence of an effective benefits delivery and management process that involves the mutual co-operation of project management and line management functions (Table 2, figure 9). Without this factor an individual project is likely to singularly fail. Essentially this factor requires a process to which the project outcome is delivered and managed. This factor further requires the cooperation of a project team with a single goal to achieve this project benefit outcome. 11.What factors lead to consistently successful projects? Cooke-Davies (2002)now moves away from the indiv idual project and considers that embodiedfunctions that enable a project to succeed. Whilst this analysis was complex to derive from analysis it was found via extensive questionnaires three main factors corporate influenced the factors for project success. These three factors are identified at Table 2 ( parts 10-12) however directly relate to resourcing, feedback loops and learning from experience.12.Resourcing (Table 2, constituent 10) being governed by corporate is essential toproject success, for if a project is not able to have the right people or assets at the right time a project is unlikely to succeed. If a project management confederation sets up the correct plans, processes and procedures to ensure that each one of its subsidiary projects are adequately resourced, Davies-Cooke (2002) envisages that it is set up for success. An example of this is the development of Standard Operating Procedures for purchase of support equipment in a large-scale acquisition project. The sta ndardisation of this resource alignment by corporate enables the factors for success later in the project.13.Feedback loops (Table 2, fixings 11) are essential to a line manager knowing ifwhat they are doing is appropriate and in line with the project manager and the stakeholders perceptions of what the project needs to succeed. Whilst it is hold that if a feedback loop is too short it will tend to misguide a line manager rather than improve the chances of success. This is the job of the project till to ensure that the loop is correct for the particular project, for example a long lead time project is suited to a larger feedback loop whereas a rapid prototype project7needs to have potentially daily feedback to key line managers to ensure the project is going in the right direction given the potentially fastinnovations in technology. Cooke-Davies (2002) finally proposes the success factor of learning from experience (Table 2, Factor 12). Corporations should in order to succeed ca rry through plans, course of studys, and procedures to ensure that the lessons learnt from previous projects are not re-learnt the hard way.Constantly (Pinto, 1990) (Robertson, 2006) (Baker, 1988) (Atkinson, 1999) when project scholars analyse how a project has performed it is recognised that a lot of issues that cause failure are not ground breaking rather they are just repeated with a delay loop. Thus project management corporations should endeavour to ensure that as a project is finding solutions to problems they are documented to ensure that in the next project they are not realised again. 14.These three questions relate directly back to a vicious oval of influences asdepicted by Cooke-Davies (2002) of four key elements (Figure 4). These influences from a project management, individual project and corporate area all play out to enable success of a project.Figure 4 Corporate Project Success Model (Cooke-Davies, 2002)8FactorF1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9Factor TypeProjectManagementSuccess Fa ctorProjectManagementSuccess FactorProjectManagementSuccess FactorProjectManagementSuccess FactorProjectManagementSuccess FactorProjectManagementSuccess FactorProjectManagementSuccess FactorProjectManagementSuccess FactorIndividualProject SuccessfactorF10Corporatesuccess factorsF11Corporatesuccess factorsF12Corporatesuccess factors expositionAdequacy of company-wide education onthe concepts of risk management.NoteFactor that correlates to ontime performanceMaturity of an organisations processesfor assigning ownership of risks.Factor that correlates to ontime performanceAdequacy with which a visible risksregister is maintained.Factor that correlates to ontime performanceAdequacy of an up-to-date riskmanagement plan.Factor that correlates to ontime performanceAdequacy of documentation oforganisational responsibilities on theproject.Keep project (or project stage duration) asfar below 3 years as possible (1 year isbetter).Allow changes to scope only through amature scope change control process.Factor that correlates to ontime performanceMaintain the integrity of the performancemeasurement baseline.Factor that correlates to onbudget performanceFactor that correlates to ontime performanceFactor that correlates to onbudget performanceThe existence of an effective benefitsdelivery and management process thatinvolves the mutual co-operation ofproject management and linemanagement functionsPortfolio and programme managementpractices that allow the enterprise toresource fully a suite of projects that arethoughtfully and dynamically matched tothe corporate strategy and businessobjectivesA suite of project, programme andportfolio metrics that provides directline of sight feedback on currentproject performance, and anticipatedfuture success, so that project, portfolioand corporate decisions can be aligned.An effective means of learning fromexperience on projects, that combinesexplicit knowledge with tacit knowledgein a way that encourages people to learnand to embed that l earning into unvarying improvement of projectmanagement processes and practices.Table 2 Success Factors (Cooke-Davies, 2002)9CONCLUSION15.This essay has discussed the ways to manage success of a project via two meansbeing how it is judged and the factors that contribute to its success. The success criteria have been shown to be wide and varied however they ultimately boil down to the Iron triangle, the information system, organisational benefits, stakeholder community benefits. Furthermore the factors that lead to this success are multiple however they are mostly governed on the project mangers competence to ensure that the project is maintained inwardly the triangle of time, cost and scope.10BIBLIOGRAPHYAlter S. Information Systems a management perspective, 2nd ed. Benjamin and Cummings, California, 1996.Atkinson RW. Effective Organisations, Re-framing the Thinking for Information Systems Projects Success, 1316. Cassell, London, 1997.Atkinson, R., Project management cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International diary of Project Management, Volume 17, Issue 6, December 1999, Pages 337-342, retrieved from http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(98)00069-6.Baker BN, Murphy DC, Fisher D. Factors affecting project success. In Cleland DI, King WR, editors. Project management handbook. (2nd ed.). New York John Wiley, 1988.Ballantine, J, Bonner, M, Levy, M, Martin, A, Munro, I and Powell, PL, The 3-D model of information systems successes the calculate for the dependent variable continues. Information Resources Management Journal, 1996, 9(4), 5-14. Cooke-Davies TJ. 2000. Towards improved project management practice, PhD thesis, Leeds Metropolitan University.Crawford, Lynn (2000) Profiling the Competent Project Manager. In Project Management look at the Turn of the Millennium Proceedings of PMI Research Conference, 21 24 June, 2000, Paris, France, pp. 3-15. Sylva, NC Project Management Institute(ft p//ns1.ystp.ac.ir/YSTP/1/1/ROOT/DATA/PDF/MISC/PMI2000%20Research.pdf) de Wit, A, cadence of project management success. International Journal of Project Management, 1988, 6(3), 164-170.Kloppenborg TJ, Opfer WA. Forty years of project management research trends, interpretations and predictions. Proceedings of PMI research conference paris project management institute. Paris Project Management Institute, 2000. Lechler T. 1998. When it comes to project management, its the people that matter an empirical analysis of project management in germany.InHartman, F., Jergeas, G., Thomas, J. editors. IRNOP III. The disposition and role of projects in the next 20 years research issues and problems. Calgary University of Calgary. pp.20515 McCoy FA. Measuring Success Establishing and Maintaining A Baseline, Project management Institute Seminar/Symposium Montreal Canada, Sep. 1987, 47-52. Meyer C. How the right measures help teams excel. Harvard Business Review 1994, 95-103.Morris PWG, Hough GH. The Anatomy of Major Projects. John Wiley, 1987. Morris PWG. The management of projects. London Thomas Telford, 1994. OConnor MM, Reinsborough L. Quality projects in the 1990s a review of ancient projects and future trends. International Journal of Project Management 199210(2)10714.11Oilsen, RP, Can project management be defined? Project Management Quarterly, 1971, 2(1), 12-14.Pinto JK, Slevin DP. Critical success factors crossways the project life cycle. Project Management Journal 198819(3)6775.Pinto, J.K. Mantel, S.J., Jr., The causes of project failure, Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on , vol.37, no.4, pp.269,276, Nov 1990, http//ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=62322&isnumber=2268 Pinto, JK and Slevin, DP, Critical success factors across the project lifecycle. Project Management Journal, 1988, XIX, 67-75.Robertson, S. and Williams, T. Understanding project failure using cognitive mapping in an insurance project. Southampton, UK, University of Southam pton, 43pp. University of Southampton Discussion Paper Series join for Operational Research, Management Sciences and Information Systems,2006.Saarinen, T, Systems development methodology and project success. Information and Management, 1990, 19, 183-193.Standish Group. 1995. Chaos. Available http//standishgroup.com/ visitor/chaos.htm.Terry Cooke-Davies, The real success factors on projects, International Journal of Project Management, Volume 20, Issue 3, April 2002, Pages 185-190, ISSN 02637863, http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00067-9.Turner JR. The Handbook of Project-based Management. McGraw-Hill, 1993. Wateridge, J, How can IS/IT projects be measured for success? International Journal of project Management, 1998, 16(1), 59- 63.Wright, JN, Time and budget the twin imperatives of a project sponsor. International Journal of Project Management, 1997, 15(3), 181-186.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Kindle Fire, Amazon’s Strategy Essay

The cremate Fire was released on November 15, 2011 by virago. Its a tablet computer, and its the last version of cauterize up to date. The product Its dimensions are 7. 5 by 4. 7 inches, with a 0. 45 inches of depth. The display is a 7 inches (180 mm) multi-touch color screen with a 600? 1024 pel resolution. Connectivity is through Wi-Fi and USB. The device includes 8 GB of internal storage, which is enough for 80 applications, plus either 10 movies or 800 songs or 6,000 books.According to Amazon the Kindle Fire can run up to 8 hours of consecutive reading and up to 7. 5 hours of characterisation. Lets take a look on the software side. The Kindle Fire runs a customized Android 2. 3 OS. Along with access to Amazon Appstore, the Fire includes a cloud-accelerated split browser, Amazon Silk. The exploiters Amazon digital content is given free storage in Amazon Clouds web-storage platform, 5GB Music storage in Amazon Cloud Drive, and a built-in email application allows webmail (Gmail , Yahoo , Hotmail, AOL Mail, etc. ) to be merged into one inbox.Content formats supported are Kindle put 8 (KF8), Kindle Mobi, TXT, PDF, DOC, DOCX, JPEG, GIF and a lot of others. Why it is an innovative product? And what is the Amazons strategy with the Kindle Fire? Amazon tries to surf on the Kindle success by launching this product way under the market price. Amazon is willing to sell its core tablet device at a loss (one-quarter its list price) and at painfully low margins because it is an efficient point-of-sale storefront. They have 18 million songs, books, movies and television programs.The surprisingly low $199 price point will especially undercut smaller competitors and force more affordable hardware and software economics-even at Apple. Amazon founding CEO Jeff Bezos, express that the Kindle Fire is a service that provides seamless integration to all things Amazon for the worlds largest online retailer. That represents a unique pipeline for marketers, as closely as con tent providers, wanting to connect with consumers on very specific fronts, or any interest. Marketers and content providers can follow consumers in all their movements on the website and adapt all the marketing.Amazons Kindle Fire strategy is designed to bring consumers closer to their main activity, selling things. The Kindle Fire is pre-loaded with a new AmazonLocal daily deals and services which is a good way to stimulate connections between buyers and sellers. Amazon is linked with NBC Universal, Twentieth Century Fox, CBS and others to become a video service like Netflix. Kindle Fires alignment with the Android operating system also puts Amazon in line to do more with Google and its YouTube video service to become a dominant video streaming player.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Group development

This summary is about the multitude development phases- forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. These five stages will help me melt down as a group and as a team up member. Forming is taking time to get to know each other and picking a team leader. Storming is when each team member has an opinion in what theyll do in the group figure, like choosing what part of the group assignment theyll take hold. Norming is sharing ideas as a group as the group begins to form they start focusing in their own assign rick and start working to create the project.Performing is when the team has got to know & trust each other well. Theyll be up to(p) to review the project as a team and if they have disagreement theyll be able to fix them as a group. Adjourning is when the project is coming to an end and the team has work hard for this last stage and know their work was a winner a celebration may happen as the groups work pays off. The differences between a group and a team argon that a team is big than a group. A team takes a strong leader to lead the team. A team needs the crush players to win the big win.Theyll need the strongest players, best players, and the reach players. A group can be anybody thats willing to work together as a group to help with the work. Anybody can be in a group small or tall old or young. A group doesnt take strong players but commit worker. A group takes a leader to lead the team and the leader will get them to the end. In the beginning group sections werent all that magnanimous until high school started. I wasnt very good with group projects since I was a quite person and didnt commutate much. My strengths in a group project would be my creativity in art.Im a good artist, making posters and drawing the pictures in a group project is what Im good at. My best work would have to do with the crevity of art and design it for the fun of it. My weakness or my challenging roles would be putt the group together as a whole. In a way I prefer working alone so I dont have to deal with the other students but, I know this will help me keep learning as it progress. I wouldnt like to put myself in a leaders role nor a captains position since they have to give orders I get nerves speaking in front of people and I believe this are some of my challenging roles.My weaknesses are being shy with others but since this is online I think it makes it easy for me to distil my thoughts. What makes a great group is when everybody has their own part to work on. For example I like drawing so I will like to have the posters and drawing parts. Everybody needs to work together to make this group happen and succeed. The importations in a group project are staying together as a team. Working in groups help people learn more by putting everyones ideas together and using them in the group project.Two heads are better than one right? I find it important for workers/students to work in groups because it helps them combine the ideas togethe r and turn them into something more. I feel like the group will help me see and learn the positive sides in group projects. As my learning style results Im more likely to work hands on but since the group meetings are online I find it a little difficult. Im good at learning by doing and seeing examples and I will fine this changeling and helpful in the same time. Im up for the challenge.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Tata Motors Going Global

TATA MOTORSGOING GLOBAL The wave of liberalization, privatization and globalization, which started sweeping India since the early 1990s, gave Tata Motors (established in 1945) a new direction in the path of globalization. The Tata Motors set-backly, realized that if it wants to grow and then it cannot afford to keep its business connected solely to the fortunes of one country. Secondly, with the dismantling of import restrictions in the near future or it the rupee begins to pull together understanding then India may not continue to have the low-cost manufacturing advantage which it has enjoyed so far.In that scenario, a transnational presence across countries that could offer great cost advantages for manufacturing, will pay off. Thirdly, the automotive business is highly competitive and the competitiveness depends on economies of scale, quality and efficiency which could directly improve if the organization assents the foreign commercialises. The question that came in the mi nds of the senior management at Tata Motors was Should we remain an exporter of vehicles, which we have been doing since 1961 or should we venture into the international automobile market as a corporation that can match the best in the business? The answer was to widen its foreign campaign to more than just exports. As a result, recognizing the need to desegregate its international strategy with its domestic one, the federation split its previously independent international business arm into the two business unitsthe Passenger Car art Unit (PCBU) and the commercial message Vehicle Business Unit (CVBU). The companys passenger car chuck comprises the hatchback Indica, the Indigo Sedan and the Marina, its station hearts variant, in petrol and diesel versions.The Tata Sumo, its rural variant, the Spacio and the Tata Safari (the countrys first sports utility vehicle) argon the companys multi-utility offerings. The companys Commercial Vehicle Business Unit (CVBU) has oer 130 models of light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles ranging from two tonnes to 40 tonnes, buses ranging from 12-seaters to 60-seaters, tippers, special purpose vehicles, oil-road vehicles and defence vehicles. Dr. V. Sumantran, Executive Director, PCBU, says, The company has now embarked on a road where we have made exports an integral part of our business.We do not think of gross revenue enhancement outside the country as a separate activity. It is now integrated within the mission of each of its businesses. Ravi Kant, Executive Director, CVBU, says, In a cyclical business such as ours, it is definitive that we hedge against cyclicality. International business offers an opportunity as different countries go through peaks and troughs in demand at different points in time. Our capacity employment is more effective and risks of downturns can be mitigated. The two units have classified different markets in harm of size, growth opportunities, product segments and target volumes. After analysis of markets the company has decided to focus on 15 to 20 key countries, where the company will have a significant presence in terms of volumes and market shares, against being present as an exporter in 70 countries. Says Praveen Kadle, Tata Motors Executive Director of Finance and Corporate Affairs, Tata Motors does not plan to be all over the macrocosm.Supply will follow demand and the company will need to address the markets tor different vehicles as stand-alone projects. For example, the compact- sized Indica will be marketed in countries where the company perceives a substantial market for it, like it did in Europe. The same goes for our commercial vehicles business. The implementation of new business strategy involves three stagesproduct upgradation, sales and distribution processes, and deeper penetration into foreign markets. Tata Motors has taken a number of initiatives to strengthen both product reliability and durability.Through its subsidiaries and joint venture s, the company is engaged in engineering and automotive solutions, automotive vehicle components manufacturing and supply chain activities, machine tools and factory automation solutions, high-precision tooling and plastic and electronic components for automotive and computer applications, and automotive sell and service operations. The company also draws on the resources of leading international design and styling houses like the Institute of Development in Automotive Engineering, SPA, Italy and Stile Bertoni, Italy.The company has been successful in Sri Lanka and Malaysia where the installation of a sales process system and face-to-face customer meets through road shows and service workshops have started giving results. In order to enter foreign markets the company is following three routes. The first is the traditional method of exports, at which the company has been quite successful, notching up export revenue of Rs. 969 crores in the first nine months of FY 200405, recording a growth of 41 per cent from sales in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia.The second is the setting up of assembly operations in foreign markets. Tata Motors first utilize this strategy when it set up its first assembly operation in Malaysia in 1974. Since then, the company has successfully used it for expansion into Malaysia, Bangladesh, Senegal, South Africa and Ukraine by path of setting up assembly operations there through its distributors. The third is the route of acquisition and alliances. Tarn Motors entered into a tie beam with MG Rover, U. K. , to supply 1,00,000 Indica to be badged as City Rover.Highlighting the importance of the tie-up, Dr. V. Sumantran, points out that the Rover agreement has been an important step in helping Tata Motors to gain very quick access to a fairly large market. Working alone in this area would have taken us much long-run to create a distribution network. The exposure that the company and the products have received through the agreemen t validates the belief that we have arrived at a significant milestone in promoting the Tata brand, elaborates Dr. Sumantran. It acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicles, S.Korea, in 2004, keeping the synergies in mind which are quite significanta presence in the 250 to 400 HP range of trucks is what the Korean company brings to the table, as this complements the existing product range of Tata Motors which delivers vehicles up to 210 HP. The process gave not just a manufacturing asset base, but access to the market through an already strong brand identity. In 2005, it acquired a 21 per cent stake in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish bus and coach manufacturer, with an excerpt to acquire the remaining stake as well.Hispanos presence is being expanded in other markets. Today, Tata Motors is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 20, 483 crores (USD 4. 7 billion) in 200405, and is the worlds fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer. Its immediate goal is to achieve a 20 per cent contribution to its overall revenue from its international businesses by 2006. The leading global auto majors, for whom anywhere from 3050 per cent of their business accrues from overseas sales, Tata Motors is still a long way off, but Mr.Kadle believes that with its aggressive growth strategy a contribution of around 35 per cent maybe achievable in the undermentioned five-six years. Questions 1. What are the objectives that horde Tata Motors towards globalization? 2. What are the entry strategies that are being followed by Tata Motors in order to capture the foreign markets? 3. Discuss the logic behind the entry strategies that are being followed by Tata Motors. 4. In your opinion to what extent Mr. Kadles belief of overseas sales contributing 35 per cent of overall revenue, in the next five-six years, appears attainable?

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Childhood obesity in the United States

Childhood obesity in the United States and internationally has make out a wide spread public health catastrophe. Over the geezerhood childhood obesity has increased at a rapid pace. This paper testament translate the results of the data collection mode, the data analysis procedure, and the conclusion of how to apply the background and methodology of the research process with the problems in health c ar, and apply the strain on childhood obesity. Data Collection The data collection method was appropriate for this guide because children were involved and the research was based on previous studies already performed.The collection method used was a reviewed and detailed search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Premier data bases was carried out for the clock period 1999-2011 (Karnik & Kaneka, 2012, p. 1). Key quarrel for this search were calorie imbalance, childhood obesity, interventions, physical activity, and policy changing (Karnik & Kaneka, 2012, p. 1). The subjects researched were children, the appropriate actions to be taken were parental consent and supervision the identities of the children remained anonymous throughout the studies.Based on the outcomes of the research, in that location was no harm or negativity to the children participating in the research project. The concealment of the children was the main concern for the study, this way the children would not undergo the prejudices and blackguard for developing an overweight condition, eating an unhealthy diet, and not exercising. There was no communication of individual names, or identifying factor of the children researched. Data Analysis ProcedureThe victuals and procedures are appropriate for the type of study conducted and the results received from the research answered the hypothesis that the researchers were considering. The study was center on on preset criteria and questions. The qualitative data is based on numerical facts, which were extracted from the National Health a nd Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) according to Karnik & Kaneka (2012) the report stated the following In the years 2007-2008 there were an estimated 16. 9% of adolescents and children recovered in groups of 2-19 that were over weight.The total number of childhood obesity cases for children in preschool between the ages of 2-5 for boys and girls increased from 5. 0% to 10% between the years of 1976-1980. In the years 2007-2008 childhood obesity increased from 6. 5% to 19. 6% in children who were 6-11 years overage. With the data that was collected during the same time period for adolescents aged 12-19 years old obesity increased from 5. 0% to 18. 1% (Karnik & Kaneka, 2012, p. 2). The non-statistical methods of review and the studying of social phenomena have qualitative research concerned.The research is appealing to a primary method in which subjects and groups appear through analysis of information gathered by techniques for example, case studies, observations, interviews, and videotapes. Samples are typically small and are often nominated intentionally. Descriptions mustiness be detailed when they are of qualitative research and are the perspective of all research members as a way of examining certain problems and issues under study (McCroy, 2013). In this qualitative research the article consists of the information found in relation to genetics, behavior, environmental factors, and interventions.Genetic factors may affect the metabolism, through altering fat, vigour consumption, and postal code disbursement. Hereditary traits may cause childhood obesity. Childhood obesity bay window be caused by behavioral issues. The food and drinks that children are ingesting cause more brawniness, and is not being used in the correct way. With the larger portions of food that children are eating which are high in glucose, and carbohydrates, the energy consumption is higher than the energy expenditure. This butt end lead to weight gain in children and cause childhood obesity (Karnik & Kaneka, 2012).Children who are not physically active are prone to obesity. The energy that is gained needs to be properly balanced with the energy used (Karnik & Kaneka, 2012). There is a realization that many teens and children are absence of the necessary quantity of some(prenominal) physical activity therefore the calories are not being used properly, which can lead to obesity. In Iran there was a mixed-methods study which went to prove that there is a shortage of safe places that has easy access for children to get the physical activity they need.The inactive modus vivendi may be caused because there are no facilities, for example, safe sidewalks, parks, and paths to ride bicycles on. The main barriers for these adolescents were the unsupportive families. It is seen that inactive lifestyles are a big part of childhood obesity. Children today spend a lot of time sitting and playing video games, watching television, and using their computers. Children tend to eat more goodies while they sit watching television and playing video games and are spending more and more time with no physical activity.These developmental issues are a brutal cycle. Children are more prone to an inactive lifestyle because of watching television, consuming larger portions of food that are more energy-dense, and with a lack of physical activity, this has caused a rise in childhood obesity. Television advertisements show foods that are high in sugar this leads children to make the wrong choices when it comes to eating healthy, and can lead to weight gain and childhood obesity. Environmental factors have a huge impact on children, school, home and the community is some of these influences.Parents who interact with their children have a huge influence when it comes to their childs food choices and can inspire them to live a healthier life style. A huge amount of childrens time is spent in school schools can facilitate to offer healthy food choices and more p hysical activity to help promote a healthier lifestyle. With the lack of availability and affordability of healthy food it can affect a childs eatable. Conclusion The provisions and procedures are appropriate for the type of study conducted and the results received from the research answered the hypothesis that the researchers were considering.The study was centered on preset criteria and questions. Childhood obesity can be resolved through prevention, education, and supportable interventions associated to living a healthy lifestyle with the proper nutrition habits and physical activity. Childhood obesity can be decreased with encouragement from the childrens parents. There needs to be an implementation of schools and governmental monitoring of the supremacy or failure of the interventions. If interventions are not working then there should be a reevaluation of intervention to prevent childhood obesity.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Macbeth †Hero or “Hellhound” Essay

William Shakespeare the author of Macbeth was born in April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He is generally regarded as the great playwright ever to hit lived. During the clip of Shakespeare (which was the Elizabethan times) the theatres in which his plays were performed were very basic. They had no stage settingry or sets so they used simple items such as a stool, which would represent an indoor depiction. He theatres were as well as very small, the fortune theatre only be 80ft square. The stage had three tiers the main stage where closely of the scenes would be performed, the tiring house which was used for scenes such as the witches cave in Macbeth and the gallery (upper stage) which was used for scenes such as the balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet. spate in the Elizabethan times were extremely religious and believed in a chain of creation. This is a hierarchical society that is divided into three sections, Heaven, glare and Earth. They believed that everybody was born into a level and this could non change or chaos would ensue. Due to this belief the cleanup spot of world-beater k straightn as regicide was regarded as the wrap up crime in the world as the office was gods messenger on Earth.Macbeth was compose for King James in virtually 1605. Because of whom it was written for Shakespeare had to change the character of Banquo to a good guy as it was one of James ancestors (Shakespeare actually borrowed the idea for the play from Ralph Holinheads chronicles). The play is approximately a Scotch nobleman Macbeth who be tote ups king by murdering the previous king. The world is then thrown into disarray until eventually Macbeth himself is gobble uped and the line up successor to the throne is crowned when order is restored. in that respect are many themes in Macbeth many of which recur throughout the play. These include masculinity. Lady Macbeth always questions Macbeths manhood whenever he doesnt want to go through with something, w hich leads to Macbeth doing whatever she wants him to. Linking with this is femininity, during the play Lady Macbeth refers to this when she calls for the spirits to unsex her. There is also the theme of tail, which creeps up a few times during the wrinkle of the play.Macbeth says to the stars as he is about to murder Duncan, hide your fire, let not light impinge on my black and deep desires. Lady Macbeth also asks for darkness when she says, come thee thick night, and pull thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. Evil is regularly associated with darkness and these references show that there is an evil-minded side to Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Perhaps the most all important(p) theme in the whole play however, is fate. Every character except from Macbeth accepts fate and the item that they dont have any control oer it. In the first scene Macbeth is said to disdain fortune and later on in the play the witches lead Macbeth to believe that he can have complete control of his destiny, wh ich, he later haves he cannot.The tragic friend is a character used quite often by Shakespeare.The tragic hero is a character who is noble, brave and good but always has one fatal dishonor. In Othello the fatal flaw is jealousy and in Macbeth the fatal flaw is ambition. The tragic heros fatal flaw ordain inevitably result in their death, hence the name fatal flaw.I am now going to work through the play discussing the question Macbeth-Hero or Hellhound.The play starts with thunder and lightning, which is seen as a reference to the Gunpowder Plot, which occurred around the same time as the play. The Elizabethan earreach would recognise this and see the relevance because in both the case of the Gunpowder Plot and the play the intend victim was the king.The meeting of the witches is the first scene in Macbeth. This shows that the witches are a very important part of the play and they give be very potent during its course. The audience give know to be afraid of the witches becaus e of the society of the time. To the Elizabethans witchcraft was a fact of life. We also discover that the witches are definitely a fountain of evil when they say, fair is foul, and foul is fair, hover through the fog and filthy air. This shows that the witches are testifying to disrupt the natural order, which, according to the chain of being will throw the universe into chaos.In the second scene we learn of Macbeths bravery in battle. This where he is said to disdain fortune which shows us that he doesnt believe in fate. We also find Macbeth is a very strong fighter and that he and other people believe that he is invincible in battle. An example of this is when the captain says, yes as sparrows eagles or hare the lion. This is a reference to Macbeths fighting ability and the fact that he is as scared as a lion would be of a hare.When the opposition army is refreshed and with new troops the captain says, As cannons overchargd with double cracks, so they doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. This shows the audience how Macbeth but will flummox them wonder is he too bloody and over the efflorescence?Macbeths first lyric poem in scene three are, so foul and fair a day I have not seen. The audience will pick up on this as it links in with what the witches say at the beginning of the play. The audience may also be a little disturbed by the way that Macbeth seems to be acting now. The witches know what Macbeths name is and this startles Macbeth and the audience. They say All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Glamis. The audience will now begin to realise secure how powerful the witches are as this is little known information. They then say All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor. Of course by now the audience will know that the Thane of Cawdor is a traitor but they dont know how the witches have this knowledge. This will scare the audience and make them wary of the witches behaviour.Banquo mentions to Macbeth that he should be happy by this news, Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear things so fair? This shows us that the witches have also startled Macbeth. Does this pie-eyed that Macbeth cant be too evil as he is scared of the witches or he is nevertheless shocked because he has already thinking of murdering the king?Banquo also says that Macbeth seems en joyousured withal so we wonder if he is deep in thought or under a witches spell. If Macbeth is in fact under the witches spell then his actions throughout the rest of the play cant really be seen as his fault.Banquo seems to be aware that the witches are evil although Macbeth isnt. Cannot be ill. Cannot be god. Is he expert reassuring himself or is he really not aware that the witches are bad?Macbeth thinks of murdering the king and is scared by his thoughtsWhy do I yield to that suggestions whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, and make my seated heart knock at my ribs, without the use of genius.Again Banquo says, look how our partners rapt so again we wonde r if he is under a spell or just deep in his thoughts. The way that this idea of Macbeth being rapt could be Shakespeares way of telling the audience that Macbeth is being controlled by something more powerful than just his mind or ambition.In the next scene Duncan announces that the successor to the throne will be his son. Macbeth also declares his loyalty to the king when he becomes thane. The audience will already know that Macbeth has had thoughts about killing the king and therefore will see this as Macbeth being very deuce faced. Macbeth also says in this scenethe Prince of Cumberland that is a step, on which I must glint down, or else oerleap for of in my way it lies. Stars hide your fires let not light see my black and deep desires.This reveals a lot about Macbeths current train of thought. He is basically saying that the Prince of Cumberland is in his way and must be overcome. Macbeth also becomes quite scary in this speech when he says the part about Stars hide your fires . This will symbolise to the audience that he is moving into darkness from light or more worryingly from good to bad.In scene five Lady Macbeth is introduced. She offers quite a lot of insight into Macbeths character that hasnt been mentioned before. She says, Yet I do rear thy nature is too full of the milk of human kindness. This is a feminine quality she is basically that Macbeth is not masculine bloody enough. She also says that he is, without the illness that should front ambition. This means that his ambition is pure but does not having that illness mean that Macbeth doesnt have a conscience? She says that he wants to do things the right way, holily, wouldst not play false and also that Macbeth fears to do things. This shows us that Lady Macbeth has, perhaps, a confused idea of masculinity and femininity and also good and evil.Lady Macbeths behaviour echoes that of the witches as she calls upon the spirits to unsex her. We can also links with Macbeth when she says, come thee thick night, And pull thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. Here she is calling for darkness like her husband did previously.Macbeth arrives home at their castle and tells Lady Macbeth that Duncan will be staying for a night, to which Lady Macbeth says, O never shall sun that morrow see. This is a go past indication that she too wants the king to die. She tells Macbeth to look like th innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. Macbeth says we will speak further. This shows the audience that Macbeth hasnt yet decided whether or not to kill the king.In scene six the king arrives at Macbeths castle.In scene seven Macbeth argues against killing the king by saying, hes here in double trust. This means that it should be Macbeths duty to protect the king and not try and kill him. He also says to Lady Macbeth, we will proceed no further in this business. Lady Macbeth retaliates to this by saying that Macbeth is a coward and she follows it up by saying something extremely shocking. She says that she has had children but would or else rip the baby from her and kill it then break her vow to kill the king.This shows to us that it may not just be the witches who are proving to be a bad influence on Macbeths mind. This causes Macbeth to change his mind. Lady Macbeth outlines a plan to kill the king. Her idea is to progress to the kings guards so drunk they fall asleep then Duncan will be unguarded. Once Duncan has been killed she will pour blood on the guards to make it look like they murdered him. Macbeth ends the scene by saying, I am settled. He has decided to kill the king. We wonder whether this was perhaps his intention all along or was it Lady Macbeths intervention that pushed him to do it?In Act two scene one Macbeth starts on his mission to kill the king. A sticker appears before him. There are lots of interpretations about what this means. Is Macbeth going mad and just imagining it? Is the dagger really there? Is it a witches spell making him see it? Some versi ons of Macbeth actually show the dagger appearing before him while some dont, as if it is in his mind.In scene two Macbeth kills the king and is in a terrible state. He says, I could not say amen. This could be evidence that he is under a spell because if he was just evil it wouldnt bother him that he couldnt say amen. He also says, me thought I heard a voice cry, sleep no more. This shows that Macbeth is both hearing and seeing things. This will make the audience wonder if Macbeth has truly departed mad or if he just feels guilty about it.In scene three we see the chain of being has been disrupted and chaos is ensuing when it is said, some say the earth was feverous, and did shake. Also in this scene Macduff finds the king dead. Macbeth kills the servants. Is this Macbeth being careful and cautious or just bloody?In the first scene of act three we realise that Banquo suspects Macbeth of getting in to the position he is in more by foul play than coincidence. I fear thou playdst mos t foully for t. We wonder whether Banquo suspects Macbeth because he knows that Macbeth is capable of doing this.Macbeth says, to be this is nothing but to be safely this. Macbeth is pondering whether he should kill Banquo, after all he saw the witches and he knows what Macbeth is doing. He also says, come fate, into the list. Macbeth is personifying fate again, which links with when he is said to disdain fortune. This is very important because it shows that Macbeth is now acting against the witches as he has decided to kill Banquo and his son.This time however Macbeth gets murderers to kill Banquo. Is this because he is too scared? Does he still feel some loyalty to Banquo? Or is he just being more devious? He says to Lady Macbeth, Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chick. This is a huge step for Macbeth because the murder is all his own planning and no witches or wife are persuading him. He also says, however, O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife. This shows that, again, Macbeth is showing some remorse. This shows us that Macbeth does not become purely evil immediately.In scene four Lady Macbeth says Macbeth is womannd. In Shakespeare language this means that it is good to be kind, good to be scared. Theses are all necessary parts of being a hero, not a villain.In this scene Banquos travel appears before Macbeth. We wonder again, as with the dagger, is this a spell, a hallucination or just his guilty conscience playing tricks on him. Macbeth says I will to-morrow (And betimes I will) to the weird sisters, more shall they speak. Macbeth is going to see the witches. He knows that he has gone too far and cannot be good again. He has embraced evil. For know I am bent to know the worst means the worst. The audience will now wonder whether this is Macbeth being brave or just purely evil.In scene five the queen witch says that Macbeth isnt linked with the witches. The audience will wonder is the witch lying? And also is this good or bad? If Macbeth is li nked with the witches then they can be blamed for his actions but, if what the witches are saying is true then Macbeth is responsible for his own actions.Act four scene one. The witches produce apparitions as they talk to Macbeth. The audience will link this with the dagger and Banquos ghost and will now believe that the witches are the cause of these images.The witches first warning to Macbeth is clear. Beware Macduff, beware the Thane of Fife.The second apparition is a bit more cryptic. for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. The witches know that they are tricking Macbeth.At first Macbeth decides not to Macduff as he thinks he cant be harmed by him but then changes his mind to be on the safe side. This is another example of one of the many times Macbeth goes a bit over the top by killing people.The third apparition tells Macbeth that he will be safe until the wood marches up to the castle. This makes Macbeth feel safe as he thinks, that the wood cant march and that everyone is woman born. The audience however, will know not to trust what the witches say.In act five scene two we see some peoples opinions of Macbeth. Tyrant, mad and valiant fury are all mentioned. The audience will know that Macbeths reign is likely to come to an end.In scene three Macbeth learns that the English are marching into Scotland. Macbeth says, Ill fight till from my bones, my flesh be hackd This is another point in the play where Macbeth is very bloodthirsty and over the top.In scene five Macbeth hears a scream. Lady Macbeth has died. He saysI have almost forgot the taste of fears, the time has been, my senses would have coold to hear a night-shriek, and my fell of hair would at dismal treatise rouse and stir as if like were in lit.This isnt a good sign as it shows that Macbeth has gone too far. He also saysShe should have died hereafter, there would have been a time for such a word, tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps in the pretty face from day to day.This shows that Mac beth is accepting that he will be defeated and wants death now.Macbeth also learns that Burnham wood is coming to the castle. He says, at least well die with harness on our back. The audience will wonder of this is noble and heroic or is he really mad? It also shows that Macbeth disdain fortune once again.In scene seven Macbeth realises that he has been tricked by the witches when he says, they have tied me to a stake, I cannot fly, but bear like I must fight the course. The audience may now feel a little bit sulky for Macbeth, as all that he can do now is fight.Turn hell hound, turn. Macduff yells to Macbeth to which Macbeth replies no. He decides that he doesnt want to kill Macduff as he has already killed all of his family. Is this Macbeth showing some compassion to Macduff by not fighting him or is it just arrogance? Macbeth realises what the witches were talking about when Macduff says he was born by caesarean section not born of a woman. Even though he now knows this he stil l wants to fight. The audience will wonder if this is Macbeth trying to disdain fortune once again.Macduff kills Macbeth in the fight, as the witches predicted. Malcolm says, this dead butcher. This isnt really a very good description of Macbeth as he perhaps had good reason to kill some of the people that he did and some of his other murders could be seen as Macbeth being cautious rather than bloody and over the top.When the kings named successor returns to the throne, the chain of being is back in order and the play ends. Macbeth has been killed and order has been restored.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

The Impact Of Employee Involvement And Participation On Organization Performance

AbstractThe following(a) enquiry paper seeks to explore the correlational statistics coefficient between employee interest group in decision-making processes at heart the plaque and brass instruments performance. The main focus remains to evaluate the existing academic literature to demonstrate evidence that employee booking and exponentiation initiatives produce tangible advantages for boldnesss. Hence, the research considers theoretical approaches towards the impact of employee pieceicipation on organizations performance and examines empirical studies conducted on the subject express above. The results of the following examine argon mixed. While chosen empirical cases show that direct forms of employee connection contri excepte to improved organizations performance, such evidences excite not been observed in reference to representative form of employee familiarity.IntroductionOver the past decades croak reforms were implemented in order to guarantee humanitarian p atterns of figure and to improve the tone of voice of working life. As the global business environment started to become to a greater extent competitive in the 1980s, study focus shifted towards the productivity and economic performance of the organizations. The organizations sought new avenues to gain competitive advantages over rival companies. According to the studies conducted in the 1980s by Gallup Organization, employees engaged in the orders decision-making were more productive, customer-focused, profitable and more leaveing to chip and develop indoors the organization (Dicke, 2006). Hence, human capital started to be perceived as the confederations most important asset (Belanger, 2000). Currently a range of organizations including corporations, government agencies, schools and other non-profit organizations believe that employee link and participation are crucial to the advanced economic performance (Boxal & Purcell 2011). Employee participation contributes to the organizations efficiency in cardinal ways. First, it increases employees productivity. Second, it increases the political partys capacity to react quickly to ever-changing business environment. Therefore, employee involvement as a part of compassionate Resources Management (HRM) practices became a subject of numerous academic researches over the last decades. The scholars from diverse field in industrial traffic developed diverse approaches and models in order to provide new evidences on the linkage between HRM and business performance (Gonzales, 2009).The following research project examines the impact of employee involvement and participation on organizations performance. First, the project defines a term employment involvement and participation and demonstrates cardinal concepts of measuring employee involvement. Further, the project discusses theoretical developments on the linkage between employee participation and organizations performance. Finally, the project anal yses empirical evidences of such relationships. The empirical study entangle the cases of direct and representative forms of employee participation.Employee involvement definitionEmployee involvement, called as well as workers participation can be perceived as a variety of processes and structures which enable, and at times encourage employees to outright and indirectly contribute to and influence decision-making in the firm and in the wider society (Gonzales, 2009, p.8). The following definition heads that there are different activities through which the employees can influence decision-making processes indoors the go with. Generally, employee involvement can begin a direct or indirect form. Direct involvement means that employees pick up an immediate influence on the decision-making processes within the company. Typical forms of direct involvement are employee surveys, team up briefings, autonomous working groups or suggestion schemes (rewards for meeting companys goal s). Indirect involvement (representative involvement) means that a specific group which represents all employees is involved in the decision-making processes within the company. Common forms of indirect involvement are board representations, work councils or task forces (Eurofund, 2009). In turn, Gonzales (2009) classified employee involvement into three groups. These are informative, consultative and delegative participation. Informative participation refers to downwards communication within the organization. Employees realize been inclined information top-down about the organization and its competitors, their own department or their individual performance. Information sharing includes open communication processes as well as information disclosure. Consultative participation regards various schemes developed by the caution team to gain opinion of its employees and can have a form of individual meetings, team briefings and employees surveys. Delegative participation concerns var ious programmes which give employees capacity to make decisions on a ill-tempered set of issues and includes the forms such as problem-solving groups and semi-autonomous groups. Finally, ahead and Millward (2001) demonstrated three types of practices in reference to employee participation. These forms are individual supports (i.e. extensive information disclosure or specific training) task practices (i.e. quality circles or team work) and organizational supports (i.e. job security or employee portion out ownership).A reckon of models measuring employee involvement and participation have been developed over the past decades. nonpareil of the most important seems to be a model presented by Marchington (2005). He identified four core aspects of employee participation within the companyThe degree of involvement this indicates the extent of involvement to which employees, either directly or through their representatives, may exert some form of influence on vigilance decisions. Sco pe the telescope of management decisions that are open to influence by subordinate employees may differ depending on the subject matter and may range from trivial to strategic decisions. The level the level at which the subordinates may be involved in management decisions varies substantially and can range from departmental level, through to division and headquarter level. Forms of participation participation may be direct or indirect. Direct participation refers to the face-to-face involvement while, indirect participation occurs when workers are represented by take unions in workers council or blue-level consultation committees and through collective bargaining.Another interesting model has been developed by Cox et.al. (2006). This model identified two dimensions of employee involvement, breadth and depth. Breadth regards a number of various employee involvements practices and programmes implemented in a work place. Using diversified but completing schemes of employee parti cipation leads to stronger impact on the company through mutual reinforcement. It also indicates that the management team aims to maximise the profits of employee participation. In turn, depth concerns the quality of employee involvements practices within the company. This measure indicates how embedded the employee participations practices are within the company. Both breadth and depth are important as they are strongly linked with organizational commitment and job satisfaction (Hayman & Mason 1995). That is, if employees views are taken into consideration and acted upon by the management, then they are more be interchangeable to demonstrate their commitment to the organization and indicate their satisfaction with their work. A major weakness of this measure is that the embeddedness of employee participation within the organization has often been assessed through management eyes rather than by analysing employee views on employee participation.Employee participation and companys p erformance theoretical approachThe idea of employee participation as a part of Human Resources Management practices has been researched by a number of scholars who underlined significant benefits of employee involvement schemes on the companys performance.Kanter (1982) postulated that participatory character of the decision-making processes within the organization brings more positive degree outcomes than bureaucratic structure, as it involves knowledge sharing between workers and managers. Workers seem to be better informed than their managers with regard to the products and services, processes and work tasks, as they are directly involved in these activities. Hence, their views and suggestions might be very valuable in developing companys strategy and achieving enhanced performance.In turn, Lawler (1990) listed a number of various benefits of employee involvement within the company. He pointed out that employee participation leads to more efficient and innovative methods and pro cedures in a workplace and improves communication within the organization (between managers and workers as well as across work departments). Greater employee involvement results in high job satisfaction and lower staff turnovers. Further, as employee participation concerns training and team work, it also leads to greater staff flexibility and higher(prenominal) job motivation. Additionally, high work motivation and better work methods study increase rate of outputs and hence, contribute to the better quality of the products and services offered by the company. Finally, better communication and improved worker-management relations reduce a number of disputes and conflicts within the organization and help to resolve existing conflicts in the most effective way. All these factors contribute to improved performance of the organization. It is also important to add that Lawler identified various negative consequences associated with employee involvement. One of them are expectations cre ated amongst the employees. These expectations usually concern organizational changes, personal self-development and career advancement opportunities. If the organization fails to meet these expectations, it will lead to dissatisfaction amongst workers. Employee participation causes also additional costs. Developing new skills is associated with additional costly trainings. In turn, accepting new responsibilities by the employee automatically requires an increased in salary of such an employee. democratic character of decision-making is also slower than traditional style of leadership as it involves a significant number of people that have to accept the decision (Lawler, 1990).Markowitz (1996) underlines higher morale of the employees and their greater commitment to performed job as a consequence of increased participation in the decision-making processes. As employees have a decision-making power, they fulfill their duties more accurately. Higher productivity of the employees cont ributes to higher profits of the organization and greater stability within the industry (Jones, 2006).More recently, the effects of employee involvement were analysed by Appelbaum et.al (2000). Similarly like Lawler, the researchers emphasized the importance of information on the production (service) processes possessed by employees. The organization should aim to gain such knowledge from its employees in order to stay profitable. However, three conditions have to be met by the company to gain such knowledge. Employees need to be involved in substantive decisions. They are required to have specific skills and they need to be given appropriate work incentives. This approach indicated that employees cannot provide valuable information to the organizations management if these conditions are not met. Additionally, employees are not willing to provide such information if they are not given appropriate incentives. Hence, this approach underlines the important of coherent and accurate HRM practices within the company (Jones, et.al., 2006).Grimsrud and Kvinge (2010) postulate that employee participation is associated with the features such as responsibility, control rights, rights on revenue and risk taking. The companies are characterized by the areas of joint interests of employers and employees as well as by the areas where the conflicting interests appear. In particular, the author focuses on two conflict areas. These are principle-agent problem and free-rider problem. Principle-agent issue concerns different approach of the organization (owners and management team) and employees towards the inputs of work and distribution of created outputs. While the organization aims to achieve higher labour productivity and higher value added and keep fixed salaries at the same time, employees intend to share higher profits. Free rider issue refers to the situation when the organization cannot monitor individual contribution of its employees to the organizations development an d hence, individual rewards of employees depend on joint efforts. Hence, the organization tends to implement practices that will improve the productivity of employees, while employees seek to take advantage of such situation and gain additional benefits (i.e. higher return rights) in exchange of improved productivity.Employee participation and companys performance empirical evidencesA number of scholars sought empirical evidences of the positive correlation between employee participation and organizations performance. Some scholars based their depth psychology on the examples of a single organization (i.e. Jones, 2006) or selected industry (i.e. Sesil, 1999), while others examined the various businesses across the country (i.e. Guerrero and Barraud-Didier). Some researchers decided on a wider cross-country study (i.e. Gonzales, 2009 Grimsrud and Kvinge, 2010). Due to the scope of the following project, only key findings of selected empirical researches will be presented.At the indi vidual company level, Bartel (2004) conducted research on HRM practices amongst the branches of large bank. He proved that recognition system and performance feedback were of key significance for employees of this bank. Implementing these particular HRM practices contributed to the increasd sales of loans (Gonzales, 2009). In turn, Jones et.al. (2006) examined the influence of innovative HRM practices on performance of a Finnish company in the retail services sector. They proved that employees who have been given opportunities to participate in decision-making process within the company, to receive solid information and to gain rewards were willing to increase their productivity. It is crucial to note that these HRM practices were implemented in settings where employee were characterized by low skills and were assigned relatively simple tasks.At the industry level, Sesil (1999) analysed the impact of employee participation and group incentives on the companys performance in high te chnology industry in the UK. The research included 118 companies, primarily in electronics and engineering and concerned various aspects of employee participation such as quality involvement, aim of union, multi-skilling of employees, communication between employees and management, strategic planning and establishment plan. Additionally, the researcher examined the bonuses for employee as a form of group incentives. The research revealed that bonuses, quality involvement and multi-skilling had large positive effects on companys outcomes, while other variables showed no impact on performance. Hence, these results indicated that there is strong correlation employee participation and the companys performance. This effect is even stronger if the employee involvement is combined with group incentives.At the country level, Guerrero and Barraud-Didier (2004) focused on high-involvement practices and their impact on French firms. The research was based on the questionnaire conducted amongs t 180 large companies in France. 57% of these companies originated in the industrial sector, while remaining 43% in the services sector. The study concerned four major HRM practices, namely empowerment, compensation, communication as well as training and skills development. The following study revealed that empowerment was a key determinant of improved companys performance, while communication and training had a minor effect on organizational results. In turn, compensation showed no influence on companys outputs. The following study underlined that the company should date enriched and challenging activities in order to manage employee participation. Further, the study postulated that the companies should promote open communication and power sharing amongst management and employees in order to develop participatory style of leadership as this style contributes to better HRM within the company and improved companys performance.In the cross-country context, Grimsrud and Kvinge (2010 ) conducted research on the economic impact of representative participation in eight countries1. The research took form of perception studies which means that the respondents are asked to indicate whether different participation initiatives are believed to have an impact on different output measure (Grimsrud and Kvinge, 2010, p. 149) and investigated various forms of representative participation such as work councils, trade unions or joint management union committees. The following study showed very mixed results. Most of the analysis demonstrated that there was no correlation between employee participation and companys productivity or such correlation was negative, while only several studies reported small positive productivity gains of employee participation. For instance, the study conducted on work councils amongst the German companies revealed that these councils had a positive impact on labour productivity while they influenced negatively companys profitability. Similarly, th e analysis of the Japanese companies showed a positive correlation between trade unions and labour productivity and negative correlation between trade unions and companys benefits. Finally, the research amongst the British companies demonstrated that trade unions had a negative impact on productivity growth as well as on climate of relations between managers and employees at the workplace. ConclusionsTo sum up employee participation became a subject of theoretical debate and empirical analysis amongst the scholars. A number of researchers underlined positive correlation between employee involvement and organizations performance. Precisely, employee participation (either direct or indirect) brings a valuable knowledge of products and services delivered by the organization and hence, contribute to the organizations performance. Additionally, employee participation leads to higher job satisfaction and increased labour productivity as well as to lower staff rotation. These factors also determine organizations success. On the other hand, some scholars stress various conflict areas within an organization (principle-agent issue free rider problem) that might have a negative influence on the organizations outputs.Three empirical cases presented in the following paper revealed that direct employee involvement in decision-making processes within an organization contributed to its better performance. Employee empowerment and information sharing as well as financial rewards seemed to be mainly responsible for this improved performance. Employees must thereof be sought for ideas on how organizational performance and quality of product or service can be improved. There is the need for management to ensure existence of employment participation programmes and initiatives that contribute to employee involvement in decision-making processes. Not only should the emphasis be placed on the existence of such initiatives but also on the embeddedness of such initiatives within the o rganization.The evidence on strong correlation between employee participation and organizations performance has not been ensnare in reference to indirect forms of employee involvement. Although the following paper examined only one case of representative participation, this case included analysis across various countries and industries. This study revealed that employee participation had only minor positive impact on labour productivity while no effects (or negative effects) on overall companys performance have been observed.ReferenceBelanger, J. (2000). The influence of employee involvement on productivity a review of research. Hull Human Resources Development Canada.Boxall, P. and J. Purcell (2011). Strategy and Human Resource Management. Basingstoke Macmillan.Cox, A., S. Zagelmeyer and M. Marchington (2006). Embedding employee involvement and participation at work. In Human Resource Management Journal, 16 (3), pp.250267.Dicke, C. (2006). Employee engagement and change management . New York CAHRS.Eurofund, (2009). Employee involvement online accessible from (Accessed on 14.05.2012).Forth, J. and Millward, N. (2001). The impact of unions on pay levels in lower-skilled jobs. National Institute Economic Review. 176, pp. 76-90.Gonzales, M. (2009). Workers involvement at the workplace and job quality in Europe. Edinburgh RECWOWE Publications.Grimsrud, B, and Kvinge, T. (2010). Productivity Puzzles should employee participation be an issueNordic Journal of Political Economy, 36, pp. 139-167.Guerro, S. and Barraud-Didier, V. (2004). High-involvement practices and performance f French firms. International Journal of Human Resources Management. 15(8). pp.1408-1423.Hyman, J & B. Mason (1995). Managing Employee engagement and Participation. London Sage.Jones, D., Kalmi, P. and Kauhanen, A. (2006). How does employee involvement stack upThe effects of Human Resources Management policies on performance in retail firm. New York Cornell University ILR School.Kanter, R. (1982). Dilemma of Managing Participation. Organizational Dynamics. (summer). pp. 5-27.Lawler, E. (1990). High occasion Management. Participative Strategies for Improving Organizational Performance. San Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers.Marchington, M. (2005). Employee involvement Patterns and explanations. In (ed.) Harley, B., J. Hyman and P. Thompson Participation and democracy at work. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.Sesil, J. (1999). The impact of employee involvement and group incentives on performance in UK high technology establishments. New Jersey School of Management and Labour Relations.

Monday, May 20, 2019

General Motors SWOT Analysis

oecumenical Motors Corporation (GM) is primarily engaged in the production of vehicles. It designs, manufactures and markets car, trucks, and other automobile parts all told everywhere the world. GM has a good brand portfolio gives it significant competitive advantage. However, sustained decline in percipient vehicle sales as a result of increasing durability of vehicles and weak economic conditional pressure on the overall performance of the company.StrengthsGlobal presence, GM was the leading auto checkr in terms of sales for 77 years until 2007. The business has grown its presence in the world and is promptly operating in 157 countries, while its Chevrolet brand reached world participate sales (4.95 million units). New visual modality and strategy, later 2008 bailout, GM has experienced major changes and reorganized the way it does business. New members were appointed to the firms management team with Daniel Akerson as the CEO.He shook GMs bureaucratic organizational c ulture and introduced saucy strategy and visions to the business. GM became smaller but leaner and is becoming more. Strong brand portfolio, GM shortly sells 18 automobile brand to satisfy as many customer needs as possible. The roughlypopular brand are Cadillac, Buick GMC, and Chevrolet that sells very well in USA and China. Chevrolet reached global sales record and sold 4.95 million units in 2012. Strong presence in China, China is the largest automotive market and is an emergent economy that grows steadily. It is also the second largest market for GM in terms of vehicle units sold.An early grab into China, well performing partnerships and local Buick brand are the main reasons why GM has a strong position in Chinas automotive market. Knowledge of home market, GM is the largest car manufacturer in US and currently holds more than 18% market share. This is mainly due to extensive fellowship of US market and its consumer. 4 well performing brands, GMs has one of the highest cos t structures compared to all automobiles manufacturers. GMs Cadillac, GMC, Chevrolet, and Buick are among the best-selling brands in US and China and brings in more than 80% of all General Motors sales.WeaknessHigh cost structures, GM has one of the highest cost structures compared to all automobiles manufacturers. GM be are driven by its generous employee compensation and pension plans. Although GM has reduced its cost after 2008 it still has a lot to do to become cost competitive. Brand dilution, GM controls 18 automobile brands that vary in quality and are sold in separate markets. With so many brands in sales, customers find it hard to identify which brand belongs to GM family, as only one of 18 brands run for GM letters.The result is lower GM brand awareness. Bureaucratic culture, before reorganization in 2008, GM was infamous for its rigid culture and structure. Since them, the company has made some cultural and structural changes but should push improving as it isnt as qui ck as it competitors in reaching to constantly ever-changing environment. Car recall, last year, General Motors recalled 119,000 pickups due to missing hood latch. The same year it had to recall it Chevrolet pentad and fix battery problems. Recalls are expensive and damages brand reputation, especially when the company announces them so often.Opportunities incontrovertible attitude toward green vehicle, today consumers are more aware of the negative effects (air pollution) caused by cars furnish by petrol and diesel. Large quantities of CO2 emission intensity greenhouse effect, and negatively impact the disembodied spirit on earth, and thus, consumers are more likely to buy new loanblend and electrical cars that emit slight co2. Increasing fuel price, increasing fuel prices open up large markets for GMs hybrid and electric cars as consumers shift toward cheaper fuel types. Changing customer needs, by introducing new cars models, General Motors would be able to meet changing cus tomer needs for smaller and more fuel-efficient cars. Growth through acquisitions, GM has successfully acquired many car companies in the past and should continue doing so to gain new skills assets and rise to power to new market.ThreatsFluctuating fuel prices, due to increasing extraction of shale gas, future fuel prices should drop and make electric and hybrid cars less spellbinding. GM would treat the project of hybrid and electric cars as losses, instead than perspective future cars. On the other hand, steeping fuel prices would make current GM models less attractive to cost conscious consumer lower amounts of fuel. New emission standards, a new wave for stricter regulation on vehicle emission standards may negatively affect GMs finances. The corporate would have to assign large amount of money to comply with these new standards.Rising raw material prices, rising prices for raw metals allow for lift the cost for auto manufactures and result in squeezed profits for the compa nies. Intense disputation, for 77 years from 1931 to 2007, GM led global sales of vehicles, but lost its position in 2008 due to increased competition of cheaper and better quality cars, especially from Japan and South Korea. Exchange rates, China are GMs second largest market and the business earns huge profits there. Exchange rate fluctuations threaten GMs profits if the dollar would appreciate against Chinese renminbi.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Individuals with dementia Essay

Together these legislations formed the fundamental rights and immunity of an undivided. These affect the rights of everyday life of an individual including what they put up say and do, their beliefs, right not to be anguished and right to a fair trial. These rights have limits to ensure that it does not damage other peoples rights.1.2 evaluate agreed ways of working that relate to rights and choices of an individual with hallucination Policies and procedures in the care theme includingMission StatementHealth and SafetyRisk AssessmentSafeguardingPerson Centered Care cookeryEquality PolicyComplaints ProcedureSafety and SecurityAnti-DiscriminationMoving and Handlingsee more alter rights and choices of individuals with mania whilst minimising risks1.3 explain how and when personal teaching may be shared with carers and others, taking into account legislative frameworks and agreed ways of working The law of confidence protects people from having their personal education shared against their wishes. If a person gives private information to another person or organisation and reasonably expects that information to be kept confidential, they can take wakeless accomplishment ifinformation is passed on without their consent. The threat of legal action may cause staff about disclosing personal guidance states that personal information given to hearty workers by a service user should be kept confidential and but fall upond where this could be in the public evoke, where there is risk or where there is a legal obligation to disclose information about a service user.Doctors have a duty of confidentiality to their patients. Generally personal information may only be disclosed, even to a persons close family, if he or she consents. This duty of confidentiality can be breached if there is a strong need to do so in the public use up or in the interest of the patient. A doctor may choose to breach confidentiality if they foresee injury to a patient or others. Th e British Association of Social Workers ethical guidance states that personal information given to social workers by a service user should be kept confidential and only disclosed where this could be in the public interest, where there is risk or where there is a legal obligation to disclose.2.1 demonstrate that the best interests of an individual with dementia are considered when planning and delivering care and support This is a tricky thing to provide as the individuals wishes may not be the same as what is in their best interest. This is a system that can be used which usually involves a best interest meeting which should involve the individuals family, carers, Dr or any specialists involved, in this meeting terminations can be made when everyone agrees on what is best for the individual. 2.2 demonstrate how an individual with dementia can be enabled to exercise their rights and choices even when a decision has not been deemed to be in their best interests 2.3 explain why it is important not to assume that an individual with dementia cannot make their own decisions 2.4 describe how the ability of an individual with dementia to make decisions may move3.2 describe how a conflict of interest can be addressed between the carer and an individual with dementia whilst balancing rights, choices and risk3.3 describe how to ensure an individual with dementia, carers and others feel able to complain without fear of requital4.1 describe how to maintain privacy and dignity when providing personalsupport for intimate care to an individual with dementia