The effects of invasive species on recreational fishing Research Paper

The effects of invasive species on recreational fishing - Research Paper Example First is that the species show very high rate of reproduction. The plant species that are invasive have a much higher rate of reproduction than any other species, which raises the second reason why they are so (Coulatti 138). Second is that the species fall prey to little or no predation at all. This fact gives the species leeway to reproduce and not worry about any form of predation. Thirdly, the invasive species are mostly hardy in nature. Being hardy means that the species can thrive in virtually any kind of environment, including different climates and habitats (Coulatti 140). The impact that invasive species cause on the environment are gross and sometimes irreversible (Verling 272). Destruction of landscape and severe loss of habitats and loss of life by both animals and humans are just but a few of the impacts. The effects the invasive organisms have on the environment include negative impact on bio-diversity, they can cause species extinction, soil erosion and land degradation and change in life cycles of organisms (Verling 273). The weeds found in lakes and rivers, for example the water hyacinth could cause destruction to water bio diversity. First, the weeds in the water destroy all other plant organisms in the water in order to establish their roots some of them even feed on other organisms. This ensures that the weeds remain the apex plant organisms on these water sources thus getting rid of any chance of bio-diversity in the water sources (Callaway 265). Second is the cause of species extinction in water sources (Coullatti 57). In order to fish, it is logical that there be something to catch in the water sources. The invasive species make sure that fishing does not happen. They do this by first, as mentioned above, eating up all the plant life in the water and thus rendering the fish without food. This the main reason for fish extinction. Land and soil

Hassan and Amir Essay Example for Free

Hassan and Amir Essay The texts in section A focus on cosmetic surgery on teenagers. Write a paper (700-1000 words) in which you answer the following questions. Answer the questions separately. 1. Give an outline of the various views on plastic surgery for teenagers, which are presented in texts 1 and 2 2. How dies Valerie Ulene engage the reader in the subject in text 1? Illustrate your answer with examples from the text. 3. Taking your starting point in text 3, discuss whether cosmetic surgery on teenagers should be banned. 1. Both given texts, â€Å"Plastic surgery for teens† by Valerie Ulene and â€Å"Seeking Self-Esteem. Through Surgery† by Camille Sweeny, have very similar views on plastic surgery for teenagers in America. They both hold the view that teenagers are pressured by set beauty standards, which are displayed by media and other industries. In the first text â€Å"Plastic surgery for teens† Valerie Ulene, the author and a specialist for preventive surgery in the US, says that America’s teenagers feel the need to undergo plastic surgery because they think of the beauty standards as the given norm and want to achieve those norms. Ulene is of the opinion that plastic surgery shouldn’t be the alternative to diets and exercise, because most teens are very impatient and change their opinions quickly, so they might regret their choice shortly after. She believes teens will obtain a better view on themselves, as they grow older and go through the process of growing up. It’s not entirely unwise to get a plastic surgery, according to Valerie Ulene, she thinks some teenagers, who have had the wish for a long time, should have the opportunity, but preferably when they are legally aloud to sign consent, until then parents and doctors should determine whether or not the teen should turn to a surgeon’s knife. The second text â€Å"Seeking Self-Esteem Through Surgery† by Camille Sweeny, the author is of the fairly same opinion as given in the first text. Sweeny also believes that the growing figures of teenage plastic surgery emanate from unreachable beauty standards. She quotes critics who think that the growing number of plastic surgery, especially among adolescent girls, stems from the fact, adolescents have low self esteem and because plastic surgery has become easy to access. Sweeny also thinks a lot of teenagers are unaware of the long-term effects, like pain Elena Haig 2C English or follow-up surgeries. She feels it is important to challenge the given standards and preach different ones, also it is important to accept one’s own appearance. 2. Valerie Ulene engages the reader by telling about herself and how she â€Å"disliked [her] nose as a teenager would be an understatement† (l. 1), this way the reader feels like she is honest and respectable. Furthermore she uses pronouns like â€Å"I† (l. 2, l. 3) to make clear that she states her own opinion. Ulene also makes use of modern terms like â€Å"getting it â€Å"done†Ã¢â‚¬ (l.3) and â€Å"fixed† (l. 62) and by doing that she seems closer to the teenagers, whom she wants to reach. Ulene appeals to logos and persuades the audience by reason, an example of this is â€Å"The American Society of Plastic Surgeons estimates that more than 330,000 adolescents (†¦)† (l. 6) where she uses data from a respected American institution and thus the reader trusts her and her opinion and she seems credible. Expressive adjectives like â€Å"ridiculous† (l. 17) or â€Å"tremendous† (l. 60) underline her statement on plastic surgery or beauty standards. Later on in the text she makes use of pathos to appeal to the readers’ emotions and convince them to believe in her argument by creating an emotional response. â€Å"With a 14-year-old daughter of my own, I recognize how difficult that [saying no to plastic surgery] can be. While I’d like to think that I’d dissuade – if not forbid – her from having cosmetic work done†. (ll. 58-59) With this quote the reader empathizes with Ulene, because it’s now a lot more understandable why she’s against plastic surgery on teenagers, and in the next paragraph she uses another example from her life where she diminishes the wish for plastic surgery by saying â€Å"as far as my own nose goes, I’ve never really grown to love it. I have grown used to it, however, and have no regrets that it was never fixed† (ll. 61-62). 3. â€Å"If they aren’t old enough to sign their own surgical consent for a medically necessary procedure, then they shouldn’t be able to induce their parents to do it for cosmetic surgery which is a personal, subjective, value-based decision, not a decision of medical necessity. † Dr. Pete Costantino According to this quote, the ban of cosmetic surgery for teenagers is a good idea. The topic of plastic and cosmetic surgery has been open for a lot of debate. The question whether it should Elena Haig 2C English be banned or not bears more than one problem and can be viewed from different sides. The main question is though, where a medically necessary procedure ends and becomes cosmetic surgery? On the one hand, there is the problem of the promoted unreachable beauty norms, which teenagers are exposed to everyday. These norms make some teenagers believe that their features are ugly or an abnormality, but they are mostly completely normal. A general ban of cosmetic surgery could help them rethink the view on their bodies. Also, a lot of teenagers are very impatient, and if they don’t have access to these kinds of surgeries, they are forced to wait and maybe they’ll rethink their decision. In contrast to this, some teenagers are so unbearably unhappy with their features that they don’t go to school, don’t interact socially or are confronted with bullying from their classmates. If cosmetic surgery is prohibited for citizens under 18 years, they don’t have any chance of improvement in their lives. Often, parents have very different morals and convictions than adolescents, and wouldn’t understand their child’s struggle, and in the long run the adolescent is the one who has to live with the given facial or physical features. All in all, I am only partly for a general ban of plastic surgery for minors. I think there should be a certification that the person undergoing plastic surgery is completely aware of the consequences the procedure will have and that this person has considered positive and negative effects of this decision. What I don’t agree with is that the government decides what distinguishes necessary medical surgery from cosmetic surgery. It’s not always visible if the person needs this surgery or not, there are often mental problems linked to the choice that is made. Words: 963 (without quote) Elena Haig 2C English 1) Later on in the text she makes use of In diesem Satz war ein Kongruenzfehler, denn in der 3. P singular â€Å"she† muss dem Verb ein â€Å"s† hinzugefugt werden. 2) By doing that she seems closer to the teenagers, whom she wants to reach. Hier muss â€Å"whom† verwendet werden, da es sich auf das Praposition â€Å"to† bezieht. 3) Nachstes mal werde ich in meiner Outline darauf achten, keine bis wenig Fluchtigkeitsfehler zu machen, um meine Sprache zu verbessern. Auch die grammatischen Strukturen mochte ich mehr beachten, so dass sie komplexer, vielfaltiger und korrekt sind. Auch von dem Inhalt her mochte ich versuchen ein wenig mehr auf Standpunkte einzugehen die ich eventuell nicht als wichtig empfinde. Um den Text leichter lesbar zu machen, versuche ich alle dargestellten Haltungen klarzustellen und genau zu erlautern. Beim zitieren versuche ich nachstes mal noch mehr auf das Integrieren in den Text zu achten, damit er flie? ender zu lesen wird. View as multi-pages Topics in this document Surgery, Plastic surgery, Reconstructive surgery, Microsurgery, Adolescence, Hand surgery, Hospital Related Documents Plastic Surgery Essay An Ugly Trend Plastic surgery is defined as repair, restoration, or improvement of lost, injured or defective body parts. It can also be used as a synonym for â€Å"fake† or â€Å"superficial. † Although the meaning of plastic surgery fluctuates between different people, the origin of the word â€Å"plastic† comes from the Greek â€Å"plastikos,† meaning able to be molded. † Throughout history, society values beauty. Individual’s pursuit in 1267 Words | 6 Pages Plastic Surgery Essay. PLASTIC SURGERY Plastic surgery is a special type of surgery that greatly improves not just your appearance, it improves self esteem and health at the same time it gives you a better quality of life. The name â€Å"Plastic surgery† which includes the word plastic doesnt mean patients who have this surgery end up with a face full of fake stuff. The name isnt taken 1267 Words | 3 Pages Essay on Teenage Girls and Plastic Surgery Mr. Archer English 11 AP 1 April 2011 Underage Girls Going Under the Knife Should teenage girls under the age of eighteen be allowed to undergo plastic surgery? According to recent statistics, rhinoplasty was performed on nearly 35,000 patients between the ages of thirteen and nineteen in 2009. The procedure accounted for nearly fifty percent of all cosmetic surgical procedures performed on this age group. If all cosmetic procedures like chemical peels, 1267 Words | 5 Pages Plastic Surgery Superficial or Necessary? Essay Plastic surgery is a very necessary form of surgery. It is needed by millions of Americans every year, not only to improve life, but in some cases, to save it. There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic and reconstructive. Cosmetic surgery consists of certain procedures used to â€Å"improve† a person’s natural features, or give a more youthful appearance, while reconstructive surgery is used to 1267 Words | 7 Pages Essay about rationale of plastic surgery ? The Rationale of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is a controversial issue among the society now. For some people, there is not agreed about undergo plastic surgery because they are grateful and appreciative with their natural beauty appearance what god gave to them and for Muslim’s religion does not give Muslim’s change appearance have been given by Allah. Every countries now has a 1267 Words | 5 Pages Plastic Surgery Beauty or Beast? Essay Swan 2, she morphed into a beauty queen after a slew of plastic surgery proceduresa brow lift, lower eye lift, mid-face lift, fat transfer to her lips and cheek folds, laser treatments for aging skin, tummy tuck, breast lift, liposuction of her inner thighs and dental procedures. The Fox show gives contestants plastic surgery and then has them compete in a beauty pageant, which last year Stiles won. The Swan and other such 1267 Words | 5 Pages. Essay about Plastic Surgery Cosmetic surgery is very common these days it is no longer only accessible to rich and famous. Any person in the world can have the procedure they want done, most people think cosmetic surgery is unsafe but it is only unsafe if your surgeon is not qualified. Here are the 5 top reasons why most people get cosmetic surgery. 1. Health Reasons. Some people may have gone through rough times caused by sickness or massive weight loss, so its only 1267 Words | 5 Pages Should Teenagers Be Discouraged from Doing Plastic Surgery? Essay. doing plastic surgery? What is plastic surgery? Plastic surgery is ‘the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2010). Sushrutha from India, who is known as the ‘Father of Plastic Surgery’, had carried out plastic surgery a 1267 Words | 5 Pages Cite This Document APA (2015, 04). plastic surgery outline.

Conscience Essays -- essays research papers

Conscience Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary defines conscience as "the sense or consciousness of the moral goodness or blameworthiness of one's own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or good." In A Man for All Seasons, each character's conscience plays the ultimate role in the outcome of the story. "Individual conscience" is trait that each character possesses. This trait differs in intensity throughout the play in each of the main characters. Sir Thomas More and King Henry VIII show their unchangeable conscience, by their actions. More refuses to accept the King's divorce of Catherine, and marriage to Anne. The King appoints More to Lord Chancellor, hoping to persuade Sir Thomas to accept his marriage. King Henry wants everyone to accept his divorce. He believes he is right for going against Pope's ruling, and he wants all his royal subjects, and men of popularity to accept his decision. This is the King's "individual conscience" talking . He fears that without the acceptance from Thomas, Lord Chancellor, that he has made God angry, and he will pay for his unsupported decision. Sir Thomas More was the only character that believed and stuck with his conscience, by doing so, it cost him his life. Sir Thomas was a very prominent member of the King's council, he was the only member whom did not take bribes to sway his decision. Sir Thomas had always trusted ...

The Last Holy Book

Quran is the last Holy book of Allah revealed upon His last Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Surah Al-Fatiha means â€Å"The Opening† as it is the first chapter of Holy Quran. It contains seven verses which are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of Allah. The meaning of the entire Quran is summarized in this Surah. It has its different names indicating it as a special blessing of Allah. Surah Al-Fatiha is one those chapters of Quran which holds great importance as Allah (SWT) said in the words given below:†And, Indeed, We have bestowed upon thee seven of the often repeated (verses), and this sublime Quran.†Surah Al-Fatiha is very important as one has to start with it when he begins his prayer. Reciting Surah Al-Fatiha five times a day shows the nature of its greatness as a chapter as well as a Dua so that we can be benefitted. In any situation a person may be, be it a difficulty, an illness or a state of suffering or any other problems a person may face in his life Surah al-Fatiha is the cure of all the sufferings. This Surah is a prayer to your Lord for seeking guidance and mercy so that He showers His blessings upon us.Virtues of Surah Al-FatihaThere are many virtues of Surah Al-Fatiha. Starting with the first virtue, it is the greatest chapter in the Quran. It mainly covers the topics discussed in Quran. Another virtue is that as it is recited five times a day during prayers so it is a pillar of prayer. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:†Whoever does not recite Surah Al-Fatiha in his prayer, his prayer is invalid.†This Surah is contains the cure for the diseases as a companion once recited Surah Al-Fatiha to a person who got bit by a Scorpio and he was cured. It is not just a cure for diseases but it is also a cure for the heart from the evil. It is a light to direct us towards the righteous path. As it has so many virtues it is known as the Mother of Quran.b)Tafseer of Surah Al-Fatiha1. In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, and the Most Merciful†In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, and the Most Merciful† is the first ayah of this Surah. This is also known as Bismillah which is good to recite before doing anything so that we are showered with the blessings of Allah Almighty.The letter BaaThe letter Baa can have three different meanings. First is with/ in the name of Allah. The second is seeking help of the name of Allah and the last seeking blessings with the name of Allah.Al-Rehman and Al-Raheem Al-Rehman and Al-Raheem are the names of Allah which mean mercy. They are derived from the words raa, haa, meem and their meaning is mercy. Whether someone is a Muslim or a non-Muslim, good or bad he is always bestowed with Allah's mercy. Not only humans but animals and every creature in this universe have His mercy. â€Å"My mercy encompasses all.†The difference between both of them is that Al-Rehman shows the vastness of mercy of Allah and Al-Rehman refers to the Allah's (SWT) mercy which is specific for the believers. 2. All praise to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds All praise to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds is the second ayah.Many scholars consider that there is not any difference between hamd and shukar. Hamd means praise which is done in love for someone but shukr is different. Shukr is thanking someone in return of something. The meaning of Rabb The word Rabb usually refers to Lord but it also means sustainer, master, nourisher and cherisher. Rabb usually shows the mastery and someone who has control over everything. The meaning of Aalameen The Arabic word Aalameen comes from the root word ‘Ayn-Lam-mim' which means to know, be aware, knowledge, science or by means of which something can be known. It comes from the word Alam and carries the significance of the meaning world or universe. 3.The Beneficent, the Most MercifulThis is the third ayah of Surah Al-Fatiha. The meaning of these words are already given before but the reason to repeat it again is that Allah (SWT) is giving emphasis on the fact that He is the only Lord who is forgiving and merciful. 4. The Only Owner of the Day of the RecompenseThe fourth ayah is: â€Å"The Only Owner of the Day of the Recompense†. God is the Lord of the Day when all generations of mankind gather together on order to render an account of their conduct, and when each person will be finally rewarded or punished for his deeds. The description of God as Lord of the Day of Judgment following the mention of his benevolence and compassion indicates that we ought to remember another aspect of God as well-namely, that He will judge us all, that He is so absolutely powerful, that on the Day of Judgment no one will have the power either to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that He decides to confer. Hence, we ought not only to love Him for nourishing and sustaining us and for His compassion and mercy towards us, but should also hold Him in awe because of His justice, and should not forget that our ultimate happiness or misery rests completely with Him. 5. You (alone) we worship and you (alone) we ask for help The fifth ayah is: You (alone) we worship and you (alone) we ask for help. In this ayah it is being addressed that we worship Allah. The concept of worship is often misunderstood by people that it is only about prayers, fasting, and charity etc. Basically worship is everything one says or does for the pleasure of Allah. In other words worship is to obey. The ayah affirms the Lordship of Allah and affirms that worship is due to Him.6. Guide us on the straight pathThe sixth ayah is: Guide us on the straight path. This ayah is a Dua which make to Allah asking Him to guide us on the straight path. We humans get so much involved in the daily affairs of our life and living with different people who may get us involved in bad deeds. Thus we ask for guidance from Allah so that He helps us stay away from the bad deeds and we follow the right path, the one He wants us to follow which is Siraat-e-Mustaqeem. Siraat means path which should reach its goal and should be the shortest route to get there. Mustaqeem means straight, correct etc. thus Siraat-e-Mustaqeem is the straight path or in other words the right path. 7. The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astrayAllah (SWT) has explained the above ayah in another ayah:†Whosoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, and the Prophets, the sincere, the martyrs and the righteous, and these are the best company. † The people who have who have anger on them and who are astray are like Jews and Christians and are not favored and blessed by Allah the way the righteous people are. c)Impact of Surah Al-Fatiha on the life of a Muslim as servant of AllahSurah A-Fatiha has a great impact on the hearts of a Muslim as we recite it five times a day in our Namaz or Salah. And to start our Duas we need to recite it first. This is because of the nature of its greatness as a Dua and as a chapter of Holy Quran. Whenever a person is suffering from any difficulty or problem he needs to recite Surah Al-Fatiha. This Surah contains guidance and cure. Whoever reads Surah Al-Fatiha with belief he will definitely find guidance. Surah al-Fatiha is a cure for physical and also spiritual ailments. Without this Surah, even the daily prayers are incomplete. It is indeed a great treasure that has been given to us by Allah (SWT) through the Holy Prophet (PBUH). As a servant of Allah this Surah guides us towards the right path and good deeds. It creates a sense of gratitude among us as we realize that the hardships were actually the tests which were supposed to bring us closer to Allah (SWT). This makes us praise and thank Allah for all his blessings. This Surah makes us realize that as a servant we have to worship Allah only and ask Him for help so that he guides us on the right path and we are blessed by Him on the Day of Judgment.

The Criminal Justice System

Assignment 1 The Criminal Justice System April 26, 2010 According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the criminal justice system is a â€Å"system of law enforcement, the bar, the judiciary, corrections, and probation that is directly involved in the apprehension, prosecution, defense, sentencing, incarceration, and supervision of those suspected of or charged with a criminal offense† (Mifflin, 2007). The criminal justice system aims to reduce crime by bringing more offences to justice and rise public confidence that the system is fair and will deliver for the law of abiding citizens. The criminal justice system consists of three areas (1) law enforcement (police), (2) adjudication (courts), and (3) correction (jail, prisons, probation, and parole). These agencies operate together in the criminal justice system under the rule of law and as the principal means of maintaining the rule of law within society. However, in the three areas, the police solve crimes and make arrests, the court sentences the offender and the correction system carry out the punishment and rehabilitate the offenders. The criminal justice system primary goals are justice for individual, personal liberty, dignity of human beings, and the right to due process. Justice for the individual requires that all should have what belongs to them, and so the just man will render to the society, or State, of which he is a member, what is due to it. Personal liberty means freedom from unlawful physical restraint or harm and freedom from arbitrary interference with one’s privacy and lawful belongings. On the other hand, human dignity is an expression of moral concept that human beings should not be treated as objects. One implication of human dignity is that every human being should be acknowledged as a valuable member of the human community and as a unique expression of life. Last but not least, due process is the principle that the government must normally respect all of a person’s legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property. The due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment protects against state of local government abuse of power. In conclusion, a criminal justice system that is honest, fair and effective is one of America's most important institutions. All law abiding citizens are govern by due process according to the criminal justice system. Therefore, it is very important for all citizens to follow the law according to the police statues, the court statues, and the correction systems statues because there is always improvement in this field. References American Heritage Dictionary A History of American Criminal Justice, http://www. en. wikipedia. org

A Comparison of EVA and NPV Essays

A Comparison of EVA and NPV Essays A Comparison of EVA and NPV Essay A Comparison of EVA and NPV Essay Finance executives are required not only to crunch numbers and generate forecast but to think critically, not Just seeing the numbers but understanding their implications. This is what Melon (1994) refers to as conducting a financial assessment which often involves; the comparisons of the firms profitability in elation to its competitor, a determination of the magnitude of its investment, estimating the likelihood of premiums, and projecting the impact stockholders may sustain. (Melon, 1994, p. 454) While all sectors of an organization contribute to its success, it is the finance department that often drives major decisions. Do we invest, can we afford to invest, and if so, how much? This is a basic example of the type of questions asked frequently of a finance executive. Through analysis of the numbers generated by the accounting department, or by conducting a financial assessment of the organization, enhance executives are often able to guide the decision making process, and in ideal situations, generate revenues and growth for their company. This of course, is not to imply that the finance department has the final say, according to Melon (1994), decision making at the organizational level involves integration, considering all the issues raised by executives in various roles, considering all the lines of reasoning that might be generated, and deciding how best to combine the collective knowledge and beliefs (Melon, 1994, p. 439). This informative paper will review academic literature to draw a comparison between woo financial theories, EVA (Economic Value Added) and NAP (Net Present Value). Arranged in four sections, this paper will: (1) define EVA and NAP highlighting their similarities and differences; (2) explain why companies choose to adopt EVA; (3) discuss some of the issues faced when implementing EVA; (4) and finally chronicling McKee Foods Corporations experience while implementing EVA. Similarities and Differences between EVA (Economic Value Added), and NAP (Net Present Value).

Profile

Marissa Mayer Bio / Profile Name: Name Marissa Ann Mayer Current Position: Chief Executive Officer and President of Yahoo!, Inc. - July 17, 2012-present Former Positions at Google: Vice President, Local, Maps and Location Services - October 12, 2010 to July 16, 2012Vice President, Search Products and User Experience, November 2005-October 2010Director, Consumer Web Services, March 2003-November 2005Product Manager, July 2001-March 2003Software Engineer, June 1999-July 2001 Born: May 30, 1975Wausau, Wisconsin Education High SchoolWausau West High SchoolGraduated 1993UndergraduateStanford University, Bachelor of Science in Symbolic Systems specializing in Artificial IntelligenceGraduated with honors June 1997GraduateMaster of Science in Computer Science specializing in Artificial IntelligenceGraduated June 1999Honorary DegreesHonrary Doctorate of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology - 2008 Family Background: Marissa Ann Mayer is the first child and only daughter of Michael and Margaret Mayer; the couple also have a son, Mason, born four years after his sister. Her father was an environmental engineer who worked for water-treatment plants and her mother was an art teacher and stay-at-home mom who decorated their Wausau home with Marimekko prints a Finnish company known for its brightly colored designs against a clean white background. This design esthetic influenced Mayers own choices for Googles user interface years later. Childhood and Early Influences: Mayer states her childhood was wonderful with a world-class ballet school and many opportunities right in town. Both parents were dedicated to nurturing their childrens interests. Her father built a backyard ice-rink for her younger brother and her mother drove her to numerous lessons and activities over the years. Among those she sampled: ice skating, ballet, piano, embroidery and cross stitch, cake decorating, Brownies, swimming, skiing and golf. Dancing was one activity that clicked. By junior high, Mayer danced 35 hours a week and learned criticism and discipline, poise and confidence according to her mother. Other influences figure prominently in her childhood. Her teal-painted bedroom featured Techline furniture (establishing early on her preference for clean lines and minimalist design), and one concession to girlhood was her Jackie Kennedy doll collection. Laura Beckman Anecdote: Mayer frequently mentions a valuable life lesson she learned from Laura Beckman, the daughter of her piano teacher and a talented volleyball player. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Mayer explained: She was given the choice of joining the varsity team...[and] sit on the bench for the year, or junior varsity, where she would start every game. Laura shocked everyone and chose varsity. The next year she came back as a senior, made varsity again and was a starter. The rest of the players who had been on junior varsity were benched for their entire senior year. I asked Laura: How did you know to pick varsity? Laura told me: I just knew if I got to practice and play alongside the best players every day, it would make me better. And thats exactly what happened. High School: Mayer was president of the Spanish Club, treasurer of the Key Club, and involved in debate, Math Club, academic decathlon and Junior Achievement (where she sold fire starters.) She also played the piano, took babysitting lessons, and continued to dance; her years of classical ballet training helped her earn a place on the precision dance team. Her debate team won the state championship her senior year which helped her hone her skill of identifying problems and solutions quickly. She credits her work ethic to a job as a supermarket cashier where she memorized produce codes in order to check out items as fast as employees whod been there 20 years. Her highly competitive nature was apparent in her interview with the LA Times: The more numbers you could memorize, the better off you are. If you had to stop to look up a price in a book, it totally killed your average. While experienced cashiers averaged 40 items per minute, Mayer held her own, averaging between 38-41 items per minute. College and Graduate School: As a high school senior, Mayer was accepted to all ten colleges she applied to, eventually turning down Yale to attend Stanford. She entered college thinking shed be a pediatric neurosurgeon, but a required computer course for pre-med students intrigued and challenged her. She decided to study Symbolic Systems which included courses in cognitive psychology, philosophy, linguistics and computer science. While at Stanford she danced in The Nutcracker ballet, engaged in parliamentary debate, volunteered at a childrens hospital, was involved in bringing computer science education to schools in Bermuda and began teaching her junior year. She continued on at Stanford for graduate school where friends recall she pulled all-nighters and often appeared in the same clothes she wore the day before. Early Career Path: Mayer served at the UBS research lab in Zurich, Switzerland for nine months and at SRI International in Menlo Park prior to joining Google. Interview with Google: Mayers initial introduction to Google was decidedly inauspicious. A graduate student in a long-distance relationship, she recalls pathetically eating a bad bowl of pasta in my dorm room by myself on a Friday night when a recruiting email arrived from a tiny search engine company. I remember I’d told myself, New emails from recruiters - just hit delete. But she didnt because shed heard about the company from one of her professors and her own graduate studies focused on the same areas the company wanted to explore. Although shed already received job offers Oracle, Carnegie Mellon and McKinsey, she interviewed with Google. At that time, Google only had seven employees and all the engineers were male. Realizing that a better gender balance would make for a stronger company, Google was eager for her to join the team but Mayer didnt immediately accept. Over spring break, she analyzed the most successful choices shed made in her life to see what they had in common. Decisions about where to go to college, what to major in, how to spend summers all seemed to revolve around the same two concerns: One was, in each case, I’d chosen the scenario where I got to work with the smartest people I could find....And the other thing was I always did something that I was a little not ready to do. In each of those cases, I felt a little overwhelmed by the option. I’d gotten myself in a little over my head. Career at Google: She accepted the offer and joined Google in June 1999 as he 20th employee hired by Google and its first female engineer. She went on to establish the look of Googles interface as a search engine and oversee the development, code-writing, and launch of Gmail, Google Maps, iGoogle, Google Chrome, Google Health, and Google News. She heavily influenced the companys biggest successes such as Google Earth, Books, Images and more, and she curated Google Doodle, the morphing of the familiar homepage logo into designs and images celebrating special events around the world. Named a Vice President in 2005, Mayers most recent role had her supervising the companys mapping products, location services, Google Local, Street View and many other products. During her 13-year tenure she led the product management effort for more than a decade during which Google Search grew from a few hundred thousand to over a billion searches per day. Several patents in artificial intelligence and interface design carry her name as inventor. She has been very vocal in her support of smart product design, intense corporate teamwork and girl power. Move to Yahoo She assumed the reins at Yahoo as CEO on July 17, 2012, where she faces a tough battle to restore morale, confidence and profitability. Mayer is the companys third CEO in a year. Move to Yahoo: She assumed the reins at Yahoo as CEO on July 17, 2012, where she faces a tough battle to restore morale, confidence and profitability. Mayer is the companys third CEO in a year. Personal: Mayer dated current Google CEO Larry Page for three years. She began seeing internet investor Zach Bogue in January 2008 and they married in December 2009; the couple are expecting a baby boy October 7, 2012. She owns a $5 million luxury penthouse atop the Four Seasons hotel in San Francisco and later purchased a Palo Alto Craftsman home, but not before looking at more than 100 properties. An aficionado of fashion and design, she is one of Oscar de la Rentas top customers and once paid $60,000 at a charity auction to have lunch with him. Mayer is an art collector and commissioned preeminent glass artist Dale Chihuly to create a 400-piece ceiling installation featuring blown glass sea flora and fauna. She also owns original art by Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and Sol LeWitt. A cupcake aficionado, shes been known to study cupcake cookbooks, create spreadsheets of ingredients, and test versions of her own before writing new recipes. I’ve always loved baking, she once told an interviewer. I think it’s because I’m very scientific. The best cooks are chemists. She describes herself as really physically active and told the NYTimes that shes run the San Francisco half marathon, the Portland Marathon, and plans on doing the Birkebeiner, North Americas longest cross country ski race. Shes also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro. She regards her ability to anticipate trends as one of her assets: Back in about 2003, I correctly called cupcakes as a major trend. It was a business prediction, but its been widely interpreted as [that] I just like them. Other frequently-mentioned details about Mayer include her love of Mountain Dew and how little sleep she requires only 4 hours a night. Board Membership: San Francisco Museum of Modern ArtSan Francisco BalletNew York City BalletWal-Mart Stores Awards and Honors: Matrix Award by the New York Women in CommunicationsYoung Global Leader by the World Economic ForumWoman of the Year by Glamour magazineNamed one of Fortunes 50 Most Powerful Women in Business at age 33 making her the youngest woman ever to be included Personal: Mayer dated current Google CEO Larry Page for three years. She began seeing internet investor Zach Bogue in January 2008 and they married in December 2009; the couple are expecting a baby boy October 7, 2012. She owns a $5 million luxury penthouse atop the Four Seasons hotel in San Francisco and later purchased a Palo Alto Craftsman home, but not before looking at more than 100 properties. An aficionado of fashion and design, she is one of Oscar de la Rentas top customers and once paid $60,000 at a charity auction to have lunch with him. Mayer is an art collector and commissioned preeminent glass artist Dale Chihuly to create a 400-piece ceiling installation featuring blown glass sea flora and fauna. She also owns original art by Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and Sol LeWitt. A cupcake aficionado, shes been known to study cupcake cookbooks, create spreadsheets of ingredients, and test versions of her own before writing new recipes. I’ve always loved baking, she once told an interviewer. I think it’s because I’m very scientific. The best cooks are chemists. She describes herself as really physically active and told the NYTimes that shes run the San Francisco half marathon, the Portland Marathon, and plans on doing the Birkebeiner, North Americas longest cross country ski race. Shes also climbed Mount Kilimanjaro. She regards her ability to anticipate trends as one of her assets: Back in about 2003, I correctly called cupcakes as a major trend. It was a business prediction, but its been widely interpreted as [that] I just like them. Other frequently-mentioned details about Mayer include her love of Mountain Dew and how little sleep she requires only 4 hours a night. Awards and Honors Matrix Award by the New York Women in CommunicationsYoung Global Leader by the World Economic ForumWoman of the Year by Glamour magazineNamed one of Fortunes 50 Most Powerful Women in Business at age 33 making her the youngest woman ever to be included Board Membership San Francisco Museum of Modern ArtSan Francisco BalletNew York City BalletWal-Mart Stores Sources: Biographical details on Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer. Associated Press at Mercurynews.com. 17 July 2012.Cooper, Charles. Marissa Mayer: The bio that made her Yahoos next CEO. Cnet.com. 16 July 2012.Executive Profile: Marissa A. Mayer. Businessweek.com. 23 July 2012.From the Archives: Googles Marissa Mayer in Vogue. Vogue.com. 28 March 2012.Guthrie, Julian. The adventures of Marissa. San Francisco Magazine at Modernluxury.com. 3 February 2008.Guynn, Jessica. How I Made It: Marissa Mayer, Googles champion of innovation and design. LAtimes.com. 2 January 2011.Hatmaker, Taylor. 5 Surprising Facts About Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer. Readwriteweb.com. 19 July 2012.Holson, Laura M. Putting a Bolder Face on Google. NYTimes.com. 28 February 2009.Manjoo, Farhad. Can Marissa Mayer Save Yahoo? Dailyherald.com. 21 July 2012.Marissa Mayer. Profile at Linkedin.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.Marissa Mayer: The Talent Scout. Businessweek.com. 18 June 2006.May, Patrick. New Yahoo CEO and former Google star Marissa Mayer has her work cut out for her.Mercurynews.com. 17 July 2012.May, Patrick. Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayers Bio: Stanford to Google to Yahoo. Mercurynews.com. 17 July 2012.Netburn, Deborah. New Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer is a cheesehead, Wisconsin proclaims. LAtimes.com. 17 July 2012.Taylor, Felicia. Googles Marissa Mayer: Passion is a gender-neutralizing force  CNN.com. 5 April 2012.